Infant Feeding
Supporting Newborn & Family
Newborn Transitions
Postpartum Care
Labour & Birth
Pregnancy and Fetal Development
Family Nursing Theories
100
The nurse is caring for 2 infants, one who takes commercial infant formula, and one who is breastfeeding. Which infant should receive vitamin D supplementation?
What is the breastfed infant
100
Is crying an early or late hunger cue in the newborn infant?
What is late
100
A preterm baby may be lacking this phospholipid substance that reduces alveolar surface tension and decreases alveolar collapse with exhalation.
What is surfactant
100
In the first 12-hours after birth, the nurse expects the uterine fundus to be this level..
What is near the level of the umbilicus
100
For low risk labour, what is the preferred method of fetal heart rate monitoring?
What is intermittent auscultation
100
Jane presents for her initial prenatal visit. Her last menstrual period was July 6-10th, and she reports a regular 28 day cycle. Based on this information, her EDD is...
What is April 13th, 2027
Naegles Rule:
Subtract 3 months from 1st day of LMP, add 7 days, add 1 year
100
Family can be defined as...
What is:
-Who the patient says their family is
-2 or more people who depend on each other for physcial/emotional/economic support
200
When teaching a new parent to prepare powdered infant formula, the nurse advises that the water used for reconstitution should be treated in this manner
What is boiled x 2 minutes, then cooled to no less than 70 degrees celsius
200
The process by which parent and infant respond to and influence one another is called...
What is reciprocity
200
The fetal shunt that bypasses pulmonary circulation and connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta is called this.
What is the Ductus Arteriosis
200
A freshly postpartum mother is focused on discussing her labour and birth experience. She relies on her partner for most of the newborn care. What phase of Rubin's Maternal Role Adaptation is this woman likely to be experiencing?
What is "taking in".
200
"Fetal lie" can be described as this
What is the relationship between the fetal spine and the pregnant person's spine
200
Jane is currently pregnant and has the following obstetrical history, which translates to a GTPAL status of...
2025- TA at 8 weeks
2024 - Vaginal birth at 39+5
2022 - C-section at 32+3
2020 - Stillbirth at 22+1
Jane has 2 living children
What is G5 T1 P2 A1 L2
200
What are 3 traits of healthy families?
What are:
-open communication between members
-respect for others
-Trust
-Shared leisure time, shared humor, shared traditions, shared mealtimes
-Boundaries and privacy are respected
300
This hormone is responsible for the milk-ejection reflex during breatsfeeding
What is oxytocin
300
Which types of solid foods are prioritized when the infant begins taking them around 6 months of age?
What are vitamin D and iron-rich foods
300
This medication is routinely offered to newborns to reduce the risk of hemorrhage.
What is Vitamin K
300
A postpartum patient develops a sudden severe headache, vision changes, and has a BP of 168/100. What is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
What is postpartum preeclampsia
300
The 5 "P's" of labour and birth include:
What are powers, passageway, passenger, position, psyche
300
Presumptive signs of pregnancy are subjectively experienced by the pregnant person, and can include these: (name 3)
What are nausea, vomiting, fatigue, breast changes, quickening, urinary frequency, amenorrhea
300
The McMadeup family are dealing with a new diagnosis of celiac disease in one of their teenage children. The nurse who assesses this family through the lens of the Family Systems Theory recognizes that...
A change in one member of the family affects all members of the family
400
These 4 behaviours are early hunger cues for infants
What are rooting, sucking, mouthing, hand-to-mouth movements, and flexed arms & legs with clenched fists over chest or belly
400
An infant is sleeping, with eyelids fluttering frequently, irregular breathing, and lots of facial expressions. This is best described as which sleep-wake state?
What is Light/REM sleep
400
When screening a newborn for Critical Congenital Heart Disease (CCDN), the nurse applies the pulse oximetry probe in which locations?
What are the right hand and either foot.
400
In the early postpartum period, the nurse expects the uterine fundus to involute at a rate of how many centimeters per 24 hours?
What is 1-2 cm per 24 hours
400
Of the cephalic presentations (vertex, sinciput, brow, face), which is most common?
What is vertex
400
The outer and inner membranes surrounding a fetus are called, respectively..
What are the chorionic and amniotic membranes
400
The nurse is assessing a young patient with poorly controlled diabetes. They have historically struggled to manage their blood glucose monitoring and insulin requirements independently. They have missed multiple specialist appointments with the endocrinologist. Today, they present to a diabetes education appointment with you, and are trying to learn how to apply a continuous glucose monitor and pair it to their phone.
The nurse commends the patient for making it to their appointment today and for taking the initiative to learn how to better manage their blood glucose.
Is this an example of problem-focused or strengths-based nursing care?
What is strengths-based nursing
500
A mother pumps and stores her expressed breastmilk in the refrigerator. How long can it safely be stored in the fridge?
5-8 days maximum, ideally 4 days or less
500
A newborn baby is crying, intermittently arching his back, squirming, and averting his gaze from parent. The nurse recognizes these signs as...
What are signs of overstimulation (or disengagement cues)
500
These are the 4 routes by which newborns can lose body heat
What are convection, evaporation, radiation, and conduction
500
A public health nurse completes a home visit to a woman who is 3 weeks postpartum. The woman appears withdrawn, expresses feelings of hopelessness and despair, and makes the statement, "I'm just not good enough to take care of this baby".
This presentation is concerning for what potential complication?
What is postpartum depression
500
What is the best indicator that a person is in true labour vs. false/prodromal labour?
What is progressive cervical dilation and effacement
500
These vessels bring deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta
What are the umbilical arteries
500
What are the 3 main family assessment categories in the CFAM (Calgary Family Assessment Model)?
What are Structural, Developmental, and Functional.
600
Stage 1 of lactogenesis begins at this gestational age
What is 16-18 weeks gestation
600
Which infant state of consciousness (sleep-wake state) is most ideal for bonding with parent?
What is the Quiet Alert state
600
Name 5 reflexes that are present at birth
What are the rooting, sucking, moro, palmar, plantar, Babinski, stepping, crawling, fencing, glabellar, and extrusion reflexes
600
The nurse expects a postpartum patient's lochia to transition from lochia rubra to lochia serosa at this day postpartum
What is postpartum day 4
600
A woman has just delivered her term newborn, and she is placed on her chest. What stage of labour is she currently in?
What is Stage 3 - from birth of the baby to expulsion of the placenta
600
The placenta functions as an endocrine gland, producing these 4 hormones needed to maintain pregnancy
What are Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG), Human Placental Lactogen (hPL), progesterone, and estrogen
700
A new mother presents with her 1 week old infant, concerned that she is not producing enough breastmilk. What are signs of effective feeding in a 1 week old breastfed infant?
What is at least 6 wet diapers/day, at least 3 soft stools/day, appropriate weight gain of approx 20-35 g/day, infant shows signs of satiety after a feed, breasts feel softer after feeding.
700
By this age, the infant can sit with support
What is 7 months
700
A newborn develops yellowing of the skin and sclera at hour 12 of life, which represents this condition
What is pathological jaundice
700
The nurse knows that complete bladder emptying is important in the postpartum period because..
A distended bladder can displace the uterus, interfere with uterine contraction, and increase postpartum bleeding
700
A typical umbilical cord contains which large vessels?
What are 2 arteries and 1 vein
700
A developing fetus is less sensitive to teratogens after what gestational age?
What is 16 weeks
800
An infant is born at 28 weeks gestation, and the birth parent does not yet have an adequate milk supply to support chestfeeding. What is the next best option for feeding this infant?
What is human donor milk
800
Infants typically develop their pincer grasp during this age period
What is 8-11 months
800
After a difficult vaginal birth, a newborn develops a fluctuant area of swelling to the head that does not cross suture lines. This is most likely caused by what process?
What is a cephalohematoma
800
You are caring for an individual who is 7-months postpartum and currently breastfeeding their infant. They have not yet had a return of menses, and do not wish to become pregnant again soon. They are currently not using any form of contraception.
Is the lactational amenorrhea method adequate contraception in this case?
No - past 6 months, need to add another form of contraception if not wanting to conceive
800
A woman sustains a laceration during birth that involves the vaginal mucosa and the perineal muscles. This is best described as what?
What is a 2nd degree laceration/tear
800
"Lightening" occurs in pregnancy around 38-40 weeks, and refers to this process...
What is fetal descent/engagement into the pelvis
900
A breastfeeding woman presents with a unilateral breast swelling, pain, area of skin redness & heat, and flu-like symptoms. The nurse knows these symptoms most likely represent this condition..
What is mastitis
900
Review the image below, and identify the elements that are unsafe:
What is: infant not sleeping on back, bumper pads, pillows & toys in crib, potential for overheating with blanket.
900
At 1-minute of life, a newborn has a heart rate of 90 bpm, slow respirations, floppy muscle tone, pale skin, and does not respond to stimulation. Their Apgar score would be...
What is 2
HR < 100 = 1 point, hypoventilation = 1 point, flaccid muscle tone = 0, pallor = 0, no reflex irritability = 0
900
You are a nurse working for 811 (telephone nursing advice line). A woman calls who is 4 days postpartum. She tells you she has been soaking a menstrual pad with blood hourly for the last 3 hours, and that she is passing large clots.
Where should you advise her to be assessed?
What is the Emergency Department.
900
Signs of placental separation include:
What are cord lengthening, small gush or trickle of blood, uterus becomes firm and globular
900
When measuring supine fundal height, the nurse measures from the fundus to the level of...
What is the pubic symphysis
1000
The nurse prepares to weigh a newborn and finds that the weigh-scale paper liners are branded with a formula company's logo. The nurse knows this is contrary to which step of the WHO 10 Steps to Successful Breastfeeding?
What is Step 1
- Comply fully with the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes and relevant World Health Assembly resolutions.
1000
What is the safest orientation of an infant car seat?
What is rear-facing
1000
A newborn's birth weight is 3600 g. At time of discharge on day 3 of life, they weigh 3420 g. What percentage of their birth weight have they lost?
What is 5%
[(3600-3420)/3600] x 100
1000
During one of your postpartum assessments, you find a mother has a boggy uterus that is above the level of the uterus and displaced to the right. Her perineal pad and blankets are soaked with blood.
What is the priority intervention?
What is fundal massage while supporting the lower uterine segment
1000
What is referred to by the "Golden Hour" after birth?
What is immediate, uninterrupted skin-to-skin contact with parent for the first hour after birth
1000
These maternal/birth parent conditions are the most common complications of pregnancy
What are anxiety and depression