Yellow Mellow
How often should individuals aged 40 years and above be screened for type 2 diabetes using fasting plasma glucose and/or glycated hemoglobin (A1C)?
a) Every 1 year using a random plasma glucose test and/or glycated hemoglobin (A1C) test
b) Every 2 years using a fasting plasma glucose test
c) Every 3 years using a fasting plasma glucose and/or glycated hemoglobin (A1C) test
d) Only when symptoms of diabetes are present
c) Every 3 years using a fasting plasma glucose and/or glycated hemoglobin (A1C) test
What are the 4 sequential processes of motivational interviewing?
a) Engaging, focusing, evoking, planning
b) Engaging, critical thinking, collaboration, planning
c) Planning, focusing, evoking, monitoring
d) Planning, advising, evoking, reassessing
a) Engaging, focusing, evoking, planning
List 3 potential complications of fractures.
Infection
Compartment syndrome
Venous thromboembolism
Fat embolism syndrome
Which of the following is not a type of breast cancer?
a) Total impulsive breast cancer
b) Paget’s disease
c) Noninvasive breast cancer
d) Inflammatory breast cancer
e) Invasive (infiltrating) lobular carcinoma
a) Total impulsive breast cancer
What PPS level is associated with the following criteria?
Ambulation: totally bedbound
Activity & evidence of disease: unable to do activity, extensive disease
Self-care: total care
Intake: minimal to sips
Conscious level: full or drowsy +- confusion
20% PPS level
Metformin works by decreasing glucose release from the liver and increasing tissue sensitivity to insulin. Which drug class does metformin fall under?
a) Sulphonylureas
b) Biguanides
c) SGLT2 inhibitors
d) Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
b) Biguanides
Which of the following are manifestations of left-sided heart failure? (select all that apply).
a) Pulmonary edema
b) Nocturia
c) Hepatic congestion
d) Cheyne-Stokes respirations
a) Pulmonary edema
b) Nocturia
d) Cheyne-Stokes respirations
Which of the following correctly exhibits the order of self-healing (reparative processes and stages) for fractures :
a) Fracture Hematoma → Granulation tissue → Callus → Ossification → Consolidation → Remodelling
b) Granulation tissue → Fracture Hematoma → Callus → Ossification → Remodelling → Consolidation
c) Fracture Hematoma → Callus → Granulation tissue → Consolidation → Ossification → Remodelling
d) Granulation tissue → Callus → Fracture Hematoma —> Consolidation → Ossification → Remodelling
a) Fracture Hematoma → Granulation tissue → Callus → Ossification → Consolidation → Remodelling
What adverse effects could be caused by radiation and chemotherapy?
a) Pericarditis
b) Hyperuricemia
c) Pneumonitis
d) Cystitis
e) All of the above
e) All of the above
Rank these substitute decision makers in order of first to last: parents, appointed substitute decision maker, spouse or partner, sibling
Appointed substitute decision maker, spouse or partner, parents, and sibling
What is incorrect in regards to hypoglycemia?
a) Administration of 15-20g of fast acting carbohydrate (commercial dextrose products, 175mL of fruit juice or regular soft drink) for mild hypoglycemia
b) Subcutaneous or IM injection of 1 mg glucagon for severe hypoglycemia
c) Blood glucose does not need to be rechecked after administration of hypoglycemic treatments
d) Immediately notify a health care provider or emergency services if symptoms don’t subside
c) Blood glucose does not need to be rechecked after administration of hypoglycemic treatments
Based on the New York Heart Association, which class of heart failure is characterized by: slight limitation of physical activity, resulting in fatigue, dyspnea, palpitations, or angina, and no symptoms at rest.
a) Class 3
b) Class 4
c) Class 2
d) Class 6
c) Class 2
List 3 routes of administration related to pain management in fractures.
Oral
Transdermal
Parenteral
Intraspinal
Patient-controlled-analgesia (PCA)
Which of the following is not a possible risk factor for breast cancer?
a) Physical inactivity
b) Family history of breast cancer
c) Alcohol consumption
d) Weight loss and low BMI
e) Age 50 or older
d) Weight loss and low BMI
Women with a higher body mass index (BMI) (>31.1) are at an increased risk for developing breast cancer
What are the 4 values of hospice palliative care?
Autonomy, self-actualization, dignity, community
What is not a risk factor for developing Type 2 diabetes?
a) Cardiovascular risk factors
b) History of gestational diabetes mellitus
c) Presence of end organ damage associated with diabetes
d) First degree relative with Type 1 diabetes
d) First degree relative with Type 1 diabetes
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for developing coronary artery disease?
a) Alcohol and smoking
b) Hypotension
c) Elevated serum lipid levels
d) Physical inactivity
d) Depression
b) Hypotension
Which are part of the 1-hour bundle for sepsis resuscitation? (select all that apply)
a) Measure lactate level – remeasure lactate if initial lactate >2 mmol/L.
b) Obtain blood cultures before administering antibiotics.
c) Administer broad-spectrum antibiotics.
d) Administer diuretics to maintain a MAP >65 mm Hg
a) Measure lactate level – remeasure lactate if initial lactate >2 mmol/L.
b) Obtain blood cultures before administering antibiotics.
c) Administer broad-spectrum antibiotics.
Which of the following is not a benign breast disorder?
a) Mastitis
b) Fibroadenoma
c) Galactorrhea
d) Paget’s disease
e) Duct ectasia
d) Paget's disease
Name the 5 stages of grief.
Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance
What should be the focus of daily assessment for patients with Cushing's syndrome?
a) Monitoring for changes in skin color and texture
b) Monitoring for signs of dehydration
c) Monitoring for signs and symptoms of hormone and drug toxicity
d) Monitoring for changes in cognitive function
c) Monitoring for signs and symptoms of hormone and drug toxicity
What are some non-pharmacological therapies for heart failure? (select all that apply)
a) Cardiac rehabilitation program
b) Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
c) Compression stockings
d) Oxygen therapy
e) Statin-lowering medication
a) Cardiac rehabilitation program
b) Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
d) Oxygen therapy
Which type of fracture is associated with highest risk of mortality?
a) Fracture of the Pelvis
b) Fracture of the Humerus
c) Colles Fracture
d) None of the above
a) Fracture of the Pelvis – This fracture is associated with the highest mortality out of all fractures – the fracture can cause serious intra-abdominal injuries (ex. paralytic ileus, hemorrhage, laceration of urethra/bladder/colon). Can cause pelvic compartment syndrome.
What factors affect cancer prognosis?
a) Estrogen and progesterone receptor status
b) Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression
c) Axillary node involvement
d) A and B
e) A, B, C
e) A, B, C
Name the 8 domains of issues associated with illness and bereavement (square of care).
Disease management, physical, psychological, loss and grief, social, end of life care/death management, spiritual, practical