Eyes
Ears
Neuro
Musculoskeletal
Cranial Nerves
100
Explain the difference between direct and consensual light reflex
What is direct light reflex occurs when the pupil constricts when a light is shined into it, and consensual is when the opposite eye also constricts
100
name the three bones of the middle ear
malleus, incus, stapes
100
Demonstrate decerebrate posture
upper extremities extended, internal rotation, lower extremities extended, plantar flexion
100
Correctly demonstrate the following muscle movements: -eversion -dorsiflexion -supination
eversion: turn foot with sole facing outward dorsiflexion: toes toward nose supination: palms up (like holding soup)
100
For which cranial nerve would you have a patient smile, frown, and puff out their cheeks?
VII (facial)
200
Name the purpose of two eye tests and how to perform them
What is Snellen, confrontation, cardinal positions, cover/uncover test, PERRLA
200
explain the difference between conductive, sensorineural, and mixed hearing loss
conductive: issue with the physical ear (excessive cerumen, scarring on tympanic membrane, etc.) sensorineural: issue with cranial nerve VIII mixed: conductive + sensorineural
200
What movements result from stimulating the brachioradialis reflex?
supination and flexion of the wrist
200
While attempting to take an patient's blood pressure, she is resistive to movement and her arms remain stiffly flexed. She reports extreme pain when extending her bicep. What abnormal finding is she experiencing? A. dislocation B. subluxation C. contracture D. ankylosis E. crepitis
C. contracture (ankylosis is stiffness of a JOINT, she is experiencing shortening of her muscle which causes her pain)
200
How would you test cranial nerves IX and X?
have pt say ahh and observe how the tonsils and uvula move
300
Name the eye cranial nerves, and what each does
What is II: vision III:eye opening, pupil constriction IV: eyes move inward and downward VI: lateral eye movement
300
What are 4 subjective questions that you can ask a patient regarding their ears?
earaches, infections, discharge, hearing loss, environmental noise, tinnitus, vertigo, sound protection
300
What does the Glasgow Coma Scale measure?
eye opening, verbal response, and motor response
300
A patient has full ROM against gravity, but has difficulty moving his extremities when resistance is applied to his muscles. How would you grade this? A. 6 B. 4 C. 3 D. 1 E. -1
B 0-5 scale 5: full ROM against gravity and full resistance 4: full ROM against gravity and some resistance 3: full ROM with gravity 2: Passive motion 1: slight contraction 0: no contraction
300
A patient who is unable to clench her teeth and whose tongue does not protrude midline has issues with which cranial nerves?
V, VII
400
Name two normal eye findings in the older adult
ptosis, decreased tears, presbyopia, decreased visual acuity
400
Explain the difference between the tympanic membranes of a patient with otitis media and a patient with otitis media with effusion
Otitis media: redness and bulging, along with pain and fever otitis media with effusion: amber yellow tympanic membrane from serum buildup in the middle ear
400
Name the three sensory functions that the spinothalamic tract is responsible for, and explain how you would test each.
Pain, temperature, light touch What is the posterior column tract responsible for?
400
A 38 y.o. female presents to the physicians office for pain in her wrists. What are three appropriate actions by the nurse to gather objective data?
-inspect size of joint, comparing two wrist joints -palpate the joint for swelling or deformity -perform active ROM by having pt make a fist, flex and hyperextend the wrist, etc. -test muscle strength (hand grasps, move against resistance, etc.) -Phalen or Tinel test (explain procedure)
400
Name which cranial nerves are both sensory and motor (hint: there's 5)
III, V, VII, IX, X
500
Which of the following would be considered normal when assessing a 30 year old patient's eyes? (select all that apply) A. presbyopia B. pupils diverge and constrict when testing accomodation C. conjunctiva is light pink D. Pupils are enlarge readily, reflect with light, and accomodate E. the patient's eyes track a moving finger without oscillating
C, E
500
Which of the following would the nurse note as a cause for concern regarding an ear assessment? (select all that apply) A. a positive Romberg test B. the patient wears noise-cancelling headphones while at shooting range C. the patient uses Q tips to keep the ears free from cerumen and fluid buildup D. patient leans forward and looks at nurses mouth during conversation E. the tympanic membrane is gray
A, C, D
500
A 24 year old patient with a history of multiple concussions explains difficulty differentiating between smells. Which of the following are primary appropriate actions by the nurse? (select all that apply) A. place an abrasive smell, such as an alcohol wipe, under the patient's nose to see if he is capable of smelling stronger scents B. test stereognosis and the patient's ability to discriminate sharp from dull C. call the doctor to report this finding D. test cranial nerves, with special attention to CN II E. inspect the patient's nares and alignment of septum
B, E
500
A 1 year old child is coming in for his check up. Which of the following signs would the nurse note as abnormal? A. genu varum B. natural inversion of the feet C. positive Ortolani's sign D. lumbar curvature of the spine E. positive Babinski sign
B (talipes equinovarus aka clubfoot) C clunking showing congenital hip dislocation
500
Older adults commonly can have issues with which cranial nerves? (select all that apply) A. I B. III, IV, VI C. VII D. IX, X E. XI
A. decreased sense of smell B. decreased pupillary reflexes C. decreased muscle tone in face E. decreased muscle tone and strength
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