Nail Anatomy
What is the visible part of the nail called?
The nail plate
What is onychomycosis?
A fungal infection of the nail
What is used to shape the free edge of a nail?
A nail file
What should you do before beginning a manicure?
Consult with the client, inspect the nails, and wash your hands
What should you do before and after each client?
Wash your hands
What is the skin at the base of the nail plate called?
The eponychium
What is onychocryptosis?
An ingrown toenail
What is a cuticle pusher used for?
To gently push back the eponychium and loosen dead tissue from the nail plate
Why are nails filed in a controlled manner?
To shape them while reducing splitting and damage
What does PPE stand for?
Personal protective equipment
What is the half-moon shape at the base of some nails called?
The lunula
What is a hangnail?
A small piece of torn skin beside a nail
What product helps remove oil and residue before some nail services?
A nail cleanser or dehydrator, as directed for the service
Why should you avoid cutting living cuticle tissue?
To prevent injury and possible infection
Can files and buffers labeled single-use be reused on another client?
No. Dispose of them or handle them according to applicable rules for single-use items
What produces new nail cells?
The nail matrix
What should you do if you notice signs of a nail infection?
Do not perform the service on the affected area and refer the client to a medical professional when appropriate
What is the purpose of a base coat?
To help protect the natural nail and improve polish adhesion
What should you do before applying nail polish?
Prepare the nail plate according to the product directions
What should you do if a client bleeds during a manicure?
Stop the service and follow the required blood-exposure and infection-control procedures
What is the skin underneath the free edge of the nail called?
The hyponychium
What are brittle nails?
Nails that split or break easily
What is used to smooth the surface of a nail?
A nail buffer, when appropriate
Why is client comfort important during a manicure?
It helps keep the service safe and professional
What should you do if a client reports burning during a nail enhancement service?
Stop the service, assess the situation, and follow product safety directions; do not ignore the reaction