Basic Stats
The Average (the sum of the numbers divided by the number of values in that dataset)
What is the mean?
This famous phrase means two things can move together without one causing the other.
What is correlation is not causation?
When you flip a coin, these are the only two possible outcomes.
What are heads and tails?
A survey that only includes people who want to respond suffers from this bias.
What is voluntary response bias?
This line represents the “best fit” through a scatterplot.
What is the regression line?
This type of average will not have an impact by a few extreme or unique values (such as a few people in a group having however much money they have, and the group could probably cover their losses with the money).
What is the median?
Ice cream sales and drowning rates both increase in summer. This is an example of this type of correlation.
What is a spurious correlation?
A fair coin has this probability of landing heads.
What is 0.5 or 50%?
This type of sample gives every person in the population an equal chance of being selected.
What is a random sample?
This variable is the one you’re trying to predict.
What is the dependent variable?
This value most often appears in a given dataset or collection of numbers.
What is the mode?
This “lurking factor” can explain a correlation between two things.
What is a confounding variable?
When you roll a die, the chance of getting any number from 1 to 6 is this type of probability.
What is a uniform probability?
Selecting every 10th student from a list is an example of this sampling method.
What is systematic sampling?
This variable is the one you use to make predictions.
What is the independent variable?
This value can dramatically distort the mean.
What is an outlier?
This number between –1 and 1 measures how strongly two variables relate.
What is the correlation coefficient?
This is what we call the chance that something will happen — like 1 out of 4, or 25%.
What is probability?
A survey that only samples people at the mall likely suffers from this.
What is convenience bias?
This measure tells you how well a regression model fits the data, ranging from 0 to 1.
What is R-squared?
It indicates the extent that one can 'spread out' the data/results within average of that set of values (or set of items).
What is Standard Deviation?
A correlation of 0 means this kind of relationship between variables.
What is no linear relationship?
This term describes events where the outcome of one does NOT affect the other.
What are independent events?
This type of error measures how much survey results could differ from the true population.
What is margin of error?
This type of point is far from the rest and can heavily influence the regression line.
What is an influential outlier?