1
the state or quality of being extremely dry
aridity
the action of a government taking control of a company or industry
nationalization
region of North Africa bordering the Mediterranean Sea
Maghreb
Political Party and the militant group emerged in Lebanon
Hezbollah
The arab prophet who, according to islam, was the last messenger of Allah
Muhammad
the removal of salt or other chemicals from something
desalinization
he Palestinian uprising against Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip, beginning
in 1987.
intifada
a member of a mainly Islamic people living in parts of eastern Turkey, northern Iraq, western
Iran, and eastern Syria.
Kurds
Rejects the first three Sunni caliphs and regards Ali, the fourth Caliph, as
Muhammad’s first true successor
Shi'a
Traditional islamic religious law primarily based on the qu’ran
Shari'a
Land degradation in typically dry areas resulting from various factors, including
climatic variations and human activities
Desertification
A union of Arabic-speaking African and Asian countries formed in 1945
Arab League
a series of anti-government protests, uprisings, and armed rebellions that spread across
much of the Arab world in the early 2010s
Arab Spring
Islamaic militancy or fundamentalisim
Islamism
The islamic sacred book, believed to be the word of God as dictated to Muhammed by the
archangel gabriel and written down in Arabic
Qur'an
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
OPEC
The principle of separation of the state from religious institutions
secularism
Five Arab nations invaded the territory in the former Palestinian mandate
immediately following the announcement of the independence of the state of Israel
First Arab-Israeli War
recognize the male heirs of the first 4 caliphs (spiritual heads) after
Sunni
A struggle or fight against the enemies of Islam
jihad
The act or process of establishing a forest especially on land not previously forested
aforestation
A Jewish nationalist movement that has had as its goal the creation and support of a Jewish
national state in Palestine, the ancient homeland of the Jews
Zionism
a Palestinian Islamic fundamentalist movement engaged in grass-roots organizing and armed
resistance and terrorism against Israel
Hamas
The pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia
Hajj
A long loose garment covering the whole body from head to feet, worn in public by many Muslim
women
burqa