Classical Theory
Prior to classical theory, this perspective assumed crime was caused by supernatural causes.
Pre-Classical
School of thought that views human behavior as influenced by biological, psychological, or social forces
Positivism
What level of analysis do social structural theories focus on?
Macro
What level of analysis do social processes theories focus on?
Micro
Labeling Theory assumes that individuals are _____ and forced into a criminal identity
Passive
Classical Criminology was born out of what time period that took a "Naturalistic" explanation of crime
Enlightenment Period
Positivism is often called this due to its focus on the cause and cure of crime
Medical Model
This theory was derived from the work of Emile Durkheim on suicide
Anomie
Focuses on HOW individuals develop law-breaking and law-conforming behavior
Social Learning Theory
How do Social Reaction Theories differ from other perspectives?
They are not concerned with initial crime
Philosopher who argued that humans are rational creatures who have free-will
Cesare Beccaria
This theory posits that crime is caused by a delay in cognitive development
Moral Development Theory
What did Agnew expand on to further the ability of Merton's Strain theory?
According to Social Learning Theory, what is the concept called for those who are the most influential in our lives
Significant Others
In the typology of deviant behavior, which group is described as individuals who avoid detection and labels
Jeremy Bentham designed this structure to conceptualize self-regulation through surveillance
Panopticon
Considered the "Father of biological criminology" and influenced eugenics
Cesare Lombroso
According to Social Disorganization, the process of creating a tradition of delinquent behavior is called
Cultural Transmission
Which technique of neutralization applies for the following example: "It was an accident"
Denial of Responsibility
A negative social label that is applied to an individual
Stigma
What are the three tenets of Punishment?
Term that posits that criminals are an evolutionary "reversion" that can be identified by physical anomalies
Atavism
Which mode of adaptation is used if the individual creates new goals and means
Rebellion
According to Travis Hirschi, what stops individuals from committing crimes?
Social Bonds
What is the concept for an individual internalizing a label