This is formative. It's ongoing and provides immediate feedback to improve both teaching and learning. It's usually authentic, based on the literacy activities children are engaged in.
What is Assessment
100
The ability to master this skill relies on breaking words into syllables, sounding out each syllable, and understanding the rules of vowels and endings.
What is spelling?
100
Children need to acquire a large repertoire of this to become capable readers. This knowledge and reading achievement are closely related.
What is vocabulary knowledge?
100
These words are recognized effortlessly and automatically.
What are sight words.
100
These are the smallest unit of speech sounds, in which one can hear each sound as an individual unit.
What is phonemic awareness?
200
Students learn to use this strategy to ensure they are understanding what they just read, and are willing to take the time to implement this strategy again in text.
What is rereading?
200
Children string scribbles, letters, and letter-like forms together, but they don't associate the marks they make with any specific phonemes.
What is an emergent spelling?
200
These words have a wide application in school contexts and are used more frequently in written than in oral language.
What is academic vocabulary?
200
The ability to read sentences expressively, with appropriate phrasing and intonation helps students become fluent readers.
What is prosody?
200
This term is used to represent the letter-sound relationship.
What is graphophonemic?
300
Children need these to become successful readers, such as, recognizing details, sequencing details, comparing and contrasting, and noticing similarities and differences.
What are comprehension skills?
300
These are the stages of spelling development that children move through as they learn to spell words conventionally.
What is emergent, letter name-alphabetic, within-word pattern, and derivational relations?
300
This tier of words is less important to teach due to their technical meanings and due to their limited usefulness.
What are Tier 3 words?
300
The ability to recognize familiar words without conscious thought, and to identify unfamiliar words without having to stop to decode.
What is automaticity?
300
This strategy is used when children break a word into its beginning, middle, and ending sounds.
What is segmenting sounds?
400
When clear ideas are not explicitly stated in the text, children must create these to comprehend, which requires higher level thinking.
What is an inference?
400
Students generally in this stage are in grades 3 and 4. They apply what they've learned about multisyllabic words. They learn about inflectional endings to nouns and verbs, as well as prefixes and homophones.
What is the syllables and affixes stage?
400
These groups of words must be interpreted figuratively. There are hundreds of them in English, which we use every day to create word pictures that make language more colorful. These can be difficult for English learners to understand.
What are idioms?
400
The amount of words read by an average fluent reader at the end of 3rd grade reflecting their speed and fluency in reading.
What is 100 words per minute?
400
This screening test is used to measure children's ability to segment sounds in words.
What is the Yopp-Singer Test of Phonemic Segmentation
500
Teachers are modeling this strategy when they are reading aloud or doing shared reading by talking about their predictions, connections, and use of other strategies.
What is a think-aloud?
500
In this word-building game, the teacher directs the children to write a word like "red" and then changes the word into another word by having students rearrange the order of the letters by substituting, deleting, or rearranging the letters to create new words such as, bed or bad.
What are word ladders?
500
This procedure helps teachers to evaluate a child's vocabulary knowledge by creating a passage and then having the children fill in the missing words.
What is the cloze procedure?
500
Children use this analysis to identify multisyllabic words. They locate the root word by peeling off any affixes.
What is morphemic analysis?
500
This is a set of relationships between phonology, the sounds in speech, and orthography, the spelling system.