Napoleon III in France
What was the outcome of the French presidential election of December 1848?
Universal male suffrage and widespread popular support gave Louis Napoleon three times as many votes as the four other presidential candidates combined.
What were Giuseppe Mazzini’s thoughts/beliefs on government?
He described government as “evil” and wanted to establish a centralized democratic republic.
How long did the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 last and what battle did the Prussian army decisively defeated the Austrian army?
The war only lasted seven weeks and the Prussian army defeated the Austrian army at the Battle of Sadowa.
What did Napoleon III and Bismark have in common in regards to their beliefs on government?
They both thought that governments should rule without parliaments.
How did Louis Napoleon ensure his victory in the election of December 1848? Give a few reasons.
1.He had the great name of his uncle, Napoleon Bonaparte, whom romantics transformed into a demigod after 1820.
2.Middle class and peasant property owners wanted a tough ruler to protect their property and stability.
3. Louis Napoleon enunciated a positive program for France in pamphlets.
What were Italians’ opinions on the kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont?
Sardinia was very autocratic and Italians were inspired by them and looked to them for leadership.
Which State in the German Confederation was excluded from the Zollverein?
Austria.
Why were liberals opposed to Bismark’s views?
They disagreed with his violent view of “might makes right”, and his belief that William I should rule without parliament.
What was Louis Napoleon’s main goal for France?
National unity.
How did Count Camillo Benso di Cavour increase support for Sardinia throughout northern Italy?
He built highways, expanded civil liberties, and opposed clerical privilege.
What happened to the German confederation after the war between Austria and Prussia?
The existing one dissolved and the North German Confederation formed.
What role did Bismark have in government after the formation of the North German Confederation?
He was chancellor and answered only to the king.
Why did Napoleon III overthrow the National Assembly?
They refused to change the constitution to allow him to run for a second term.
What was the Syllabus of Errors?
A document issued by Pius IX in 1864 , denouncing rationalism, socialism, and separation of church and state, as well as religious liberty?
Where was William I proclaimed emperor of Germany?
In the Hall of Mirrors in the palace of Versailles.
What did Bismark do after he led Prussia’s defeat of Austria at the battle of Sadowa?
He offered Austria generous peace terms, they lost no territory to Prussia and had to pay no reparations.
How and why did Napoleon III fall from power?
He was overly lenient with the demands of the opposition, he fell sick, he lost a war with Prussia.
Who called for a federation of existing states under the presidency of a progressive pope?
Vincenzo Gioberti, a Catholic priest.
What was the severe penalty that was imposed on France after they lost the war against Prussia?
Payment of a colossal indemnity of 5 billion francs and loss of the rich eastern province of Alsace and part of Lorraine to the new German Empire.
Why did Bismark fashion a federal constitution for the North German Confederation?
To consolidate Prussian power.