N
What is NAS?
What is neonatal abstinence syndrome, a withdrawal syndrome that affects infants exposed to drugs during pregnancy?
What scoring system is used at McLeod to assess an infant's withdrawal symptoms?
What is the Finnegan Scale?
What are non-pharmacologic treatments for NAS?
What are swaddling, holding the infant, skin-to-skin contact, frequent feedings, non-nutritive sucking, and a quiet, low stimulation environment?
What is the half-life of methadone in a neonate?
What is 19 to 36 hours?
What is the maximum dose of clonidine for NAS?
What is 12 mcg/kg/day?
When does the neonate begin to exhibit withdrawal symptoms after birth?
What is it depends on the drug? It can range from hours to days.
What drug screens are used in neonates?
What are umbilical cord and meconium drug screens?
What is the preferred first-line therapy for NAS?
What is morphine?
What is the initial dose of methadone for NAS?
What is 0.05 to 0.1 mg/kg every 6 hours
When do you wean clonidine?
What is after completely weaning off the opioid?
What are the risk factors for an infant to develop NAS?
What are maternal substance abuse, lack of prenatal care, and history of mental illness?
Which will stay positive longer, a urine or a meconium drug screen?
What is a meconium drug screen?
What is the maximum dose for morphine in NAS?
What is 0.2 mg/kg?
What is considered refractory NAS?
What is Finnegan scores persistently 8 or greater despite maximal opioid dose?
What are the concerns with using phenobarbital as a second agent for NAS?
What are over-sedation, high alcohol content of oral solution, difficulties weaning, and potential long-term effects on neurodevelopment?
Before birth, exposure to drugs can lead to?
What are intrauterine growth restriction, low birth weight, and small head circumference?
What Finnegan score reflects a clinically significant score?
What is 8 or greater?
When do we start pharmacologic treatment for NAS?
What is when there are 2 consecutive scores greater than or equal to 8, or 1 score greater than or equal to 12?
What infants are most likely to exhibit refractory NAS?
What are the ones exposed to multiple drugs?
How long are newborns observed for NAS before discharge home?
What is a minimum of 4-5 days?
What are the common symptoms of withdrawal in a neonate?
What are high-pitched crying, feeding difficulties, vomiting, loose stools, irritability, tremors, and seizures?
How often are Finnegan scores assessed?
What is every 3 to 4 hours?
How and when do we wean morphine for NAS?
What is once symptoms are controlled (scores less than 8), wean by 10% every 24 hours.
What medications can be used as secondary agents for NAS treatment?
What is clonidine and phenobarbital?
Are infants typically discharged home with NAS medications?
What is NO?