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The ability of a joint to move a joint through its complete range of motion
Flexibility
The capability of soft tissues to be elongated or stretched
Extensibility
The ultimate goal of the human movement system (HMS) is to _____.
maintain homeostasis
Predictable patterns of muscle imbalance
postural distortion patterns
Alteration of muscle length surrounding a joint
muscle imbalance
_____ is designed to increase joint range of motion (ROM), improve muscle imbalances, and correct altered joint motion.
Corrective flexibility
It is crucial to note that when a person is using self-myofascial release, he or she must find a tender spot and sustain pressure on that spot for a minimum of _____.
30 seconds
The tendency of the body to seek the path of least resistance during functional movement patterns is called _____.
Relative flexibility
According to the concept of multiplanar flexibility, the biceps femoris muscle must have proper extensibility to allow for proper hip adduction in the _____.
Frontal plane
tight agonist muscle decreasing the neural drive to its functional antagonist.
Altered reciprocal inhibition
_____ refers to the motions of joints in the body
Arthrokinematics
With regard to multiplanar flexibility, the latissimus dorsi muscle must have proper extensibility to allow for proper _____ in the sagittal plane.
shoulder flexion
_____ is used to increase the extensibility of soft tissues through reciprocal inhibition.
Active stretching
form of stretching that is most often seen in fitness today.
Static stretching
Altered forces at the joint that result in abnormal muscular activity and impaired neuromuscular communication at the joint
Arthrokinetic dysfunction
True or False: Contracting muscles are inhibited by their own receptors.
True (Autogenic Inhibition)
simultaneous contraction of one muscle and the relaxation of its antagonist.
Reciprocal inhibition
neuromuscular phenomenon that occurs when inappropriate muscles take over the function of a weak or inhibited prime mover
Synergistic dominance
consistently repeating the same pattern of motion, which may place abnormal stress on the body
Pattern overload
used to increase flexibility with optimal neuromuscular control
dynamic stretching
_____ is the process of using agonists and synergists to dynamically move the joint into a range of motion.
Active-isolated stretching
Neuromuscular efficiency refers to the ability of the nervous system to recruit agonists, antagonists, synergists, and stabilizers to ____
Produce force, reduce force, and stabilize the body's structure dynamically in all three planes of motion
________ leads to faulty movement patterns, leading to arthrokinetic dysfunction and eventual injury.
synergistic dominance
The process by which neural impulses that sense tension are greater than the impulses that cause muscle contraction, providing an inhibitory effect to the muscle spindles is called _____.
autogenic inhibition
alters force-couple relationships
Muscle Imbalance or Reciprocal Inhibition
initiates a cumulative injury cycle
Tissue trauma
_____ is the active extension of a muscle, using force production and momentum, to move the joint through the full available range of motion.
Dynamic stretch
places the vertebrae and the cartilage discs in the low back under high stress and is one of the most common stretches for the hamstring complex
Straight-leg toe touch
Soft tissue models along the lines of stress
Davis’s law
_____ would be appropriate at the strength level (phases 2, 3, and 4) of the OPT model.
Active flexibility
naturally occurring phenomenon that allows movement to take place
reciprocal inhibition
_____ relates to a form of stretching technique in which a person applies gentle force to an adhesion knot to alter the elastic muscle fibers from a bundled position to a straighter alignment with the direction of muscle or fascia
Self-myofascial release
The traditional form of stretching that is most often seen in fitness today
Static stretching
controversial stretch places high stress on the medial collateral ligament and causes pain and stress on the patella
Inverted hurdler’s stretch
Individuals with hypertension should avoid this stretch
The plow