1. Cell structure
A specialised structure inside a cell with a specific function.
What is an organelle?
It is the movement of water molecules from high to low concentration across a selectively permeable membrane.
What is osmosis?
They are the DNA bases.
What are adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine?
The area on an enzyme where the substrate binds.
What is the active site?
A molecule used as a store of energy to power cellular activities.
What is ATP?
Ribosome.
What is the site of protein synthesis?
Phospholipids and proteins.
What does the cell membrane consist of?
A gene.
What is the term for a section of DNA that codes for one protein?
The enzyme denatures.
What happens to enzymes at high temperatures?
It results in the production of ethanol and CO2 as well as ATP.
How is fermentation different in plant & fungal cells versus animal cells?
They do not have a nucleus.
What is a key difference between bacterial cells and all other cells?
It is what happens to a plant cell when it is placed in a solution of high water concentration.
When might a cell become turgid (swell up)?
Where are proteins assembled from amino acids?
Only one.
How many substrates is an enzyme's active site complementary to?
Only two.
How many molecules of ATP are produced during stage one of respiration?
A plasmid.
What do we call the rings of DNA found in bacterial cells?
It moves against the concentration gradient.
Which direction does active transport move materials?
The sequence of bases.
What determines the order of amino acids in a protein?
A synthesis reaction.
What is the term for a reaction where small molecules are built up into larger molecules?
Lactate.
What is produced as a by-product of fermentation in animal cells?
Cellulose.
What is the plant cell wall made of?
It shrinks.
What happens to an animal cell when placed in a solution of low water concentration?
mRNA.
Name the single stranded molecule that carries a copy of a gene from the nucleus to the ribosome.
It will no longer be complementary to its substrate.
What is the result of the shape of the enzyme's active site changing as a result of denaturing?
Whether or not oxygen is present.
What factor affects the fate of pyruvate?
What factor effects whether aerobic respiration occurs?