Characteristics of Single-System Designs
Measurement
Behavioral
Standardized Scales
Logs
100
This is usually achieved through having a second observer make ratings where possible. Internal consistency used with standardized measures, along with conventional methods of measuring this where necessary.
What is reliability
100
This measure provides information about whether one observation is qualitatively different from another or a person is in one category or another (and by definition are mutually exclusive, such as marital status)
What is nominal level
100
This is what people "do" (in contrast to what people "have:)
What is behavior
100
This refers to uniformity of procedures when administering and scoring a measure, and it implies the availability of existing data concerning the validity and reliability of the measure.
What is standardization
100
These are also called client annotated records, critical incident recording, structured diaries, experience sampling, and ecological momentary assessment.
What is client logs
200
These are most often chosen by the client and agreed to and made operationally clear by the practitioner.
What is goals
200
This measure provides information about whether one observation is qualitatively different from another or a person is in one category or another plus information about the relative amount of one observation compared with another (think of ranking)
What is ordinal level
200
To be considered a behavior, it must be these two things, whether that be the client or an external observer
What is observable and measurable
200
Standardized scales are often also called this
What is standardized indexes
200
The purpose of this type of log is to help clarify and define the target and to collect detailed information on the target to aid in assessment.
What is exploratory log
300
Ideally, should be important life events, but are susceptible to trivialization in choice of targets (emphasis is on knowledge-for-immediate use, but some efforts concern knowledge-building issues).
What is targets of intervention and measurement
300
The Fahrenheit scale for measuring temperature is an example of this type of measure.
What is interval level
300
This type of data is what you collect to get a basis for comparison with data collected during and after intervention
What is baseline
300
This particular scale is selected to measure client's feelings about his/her role as a caregiver (is a 29 item self report).
What is Caregiver Burden Scale (CBS)
300
This type of log is used when the client and practitioner are unable to distinguish between the target and other activities/situations/or events; it is used when the conditions that are controlling or maintaining the target (i.e. antecedents and consequences) are not clear.
What is target problem log
400
This is a vital ingredient of single-system designs; it is immediately forth-coming as progress is monitored, and the service program may be modified accordingly. This permits the study of process as well as outcome; systematic recording opportunities are present.
What is feedback
400
This measure has a defined zero point that has some intrinsic meaning (i.e. amount of time spent with a spouse)
What is ratio level
400
This type of recording sample is most frequently used and the target is observed for only portions of this (fixed or random)
What is time samples
400
This 20 item self-report scale measures family social support.
What is Perceived Social Support-Family Scale (PSS-Fa)
400
This type of log will permit the practitioner to identify patterns or to develop an intervention plan focused on altering the dysfunctional elements in those patterns.
What is interaction log
500
The closeness of measures, especially direct measures, to the ultimate outcome criteria increases the opportunity for this, while various pressures toward distortion in reporting decrease that opportunity.
What is validity
500
This type of measurement error has a tendency to err in a particular way (sometimes referred to as bias)
What is systematic measurement error
500
This type of measure of recording behavior counts how often a behavior occurs
What is frequency
500
This questionnaire measures the amount of change in the adolescent perceived as necessary by the parent (34 item self-report).
What is the Parent-Child Areas of Change Questionnaire (PC-ACQ)
500
This type of log gives a more precise quantitative basis for monitoring and evaluating client change (can be extended to include frequency counts or individualized ratings of targets or other events)
What is evaluation log
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