Nationalism 1
Who was the leader of the South American independence movement?
Simon Bolivar
Give ONE example of nationalism forming new states out of culturally distinct groups by accepting a single culture:
The USA
Turkey
What is nationalism?
Nationalism is the belief that people’s greatest loyalty should not be to a king or an empire but to a nation of people who share a common culture, language, and history
What did the Austrian Empire become known as due to Hungarian nationalism?
The Austro-Hungarian Empire
What kind of novels became popular during the Romantic movement?
Gothic horror novels
What group in South America led the movement for independence from Spain?
Creoles
Give TWO examples of nationalism unifying separate states into one nation:
Germany
Italy
Who engineered the unification of the German states under Prussian leadership?
Bismarck
Nationalism in Armenia resulted in what under Ottoman rule?
Deportation and genocide of Armenians
Who was the most famous composer of the Romantic movement?
Beethoven
Name all 5 Great Powers in Europe by 1815
Britain
France
Prussia (Germany)
Russia
Austria
Give TWO examples of nationalism dividing empires or nation states:
Armenia, Greece, and other Balkan areas in the Ottoman Empire
Belgium from Netherlands
Poland from Russia (unsuccessful)
Austria and Hungary from the Austrian empire
Slavic republics from Yugoslavia
Former Soviet republics from the USSR
Why did the Austrian, Russian, and Ottoman empires have such a great challenge to their control of land during the rise of nationalism?
They consisted of many different ethnic, linguistic, religious, and cultural groups that were difficult to unite and threatened to break away into independent states
How did the Prussians achieve dominance over Germany?
By “blood and iron”
What new style of painting arose in Paris as a reaction to Realism?
Impressionism
What were von Metternich’s three goals for the Congress of Vienna?
To prevent future French aggression by surrounding France with strong countries (prevent another Napoleon)
To restore the balance of power in Europe, so that no one country would be a threat to others
Restore Europe’s royal families to the thrones they held before Napoleon’s conquests
Name FOUR bonds that create a nation state
Culture
History
Religion
Language
Nationality
Territory
What was the title of the leader of newly united Germany after the Franco-Prussian War and what was this nation referred to as?
Kaiser
Second Reich
What is Russification and how did it help to weaken the Russian Empire?
Forcing Russian culture on all ethnic groups in the empire
People were angered and it strengthened ethnic nationalistic feelings which encouraged separation
The advent of rapid industrialization brought a new type of artistic movement called what AND what NEW type of technology was invented that encouraged this?
Realism
Photographs
Name THREE ways that the Congress of Vienna was a triumph?
Restored the balance of power in Europe
For the first time, the nations of an entire continent had cooperated to control political affairs
The settlements they agreed upon where fair enough that no country was left bearing a grudge, so it did not sow the seeds of future wars
The countries also agreed to come to each other’s aid, so it created 40 years of peace
A triumph for monarchies, because kings returned to power
Nations promised to help one another if revolutions broke out
NAME all FOUR potential positive aspects of nationalism
People within a nation overcoming differences for the common good
Overthrow of colonial rule
Competition among nations spurring scientific and technological advances
Democratic governments in nations worldwide
Name all FOUR potential negative aspects of nationalism
Ethnic cleansing
Rise of extreme nationalistic movements
Competition between nations leading to warfare
Forced assimilation of minority cultures
What is “realpolitik” and who was famous for this policy?
The politics of reality; tough power politics with no room for idealism
Bismarck
Romanticism was a major movement that reflected interest in what AND was a reaction against what?
Interest in nature and the thoughts and feelings of individuals
Reaction against Enlightenment ideals (went from reason to emotion)