Italian Nationalism
What was the name of the fight for Italian Unification?
Risorgimento
This replaced Romanticism and was the dominant philosophy in Germany until 1850
Age of Realism
Who blocked Frederick William IV of Prussia to unify Germany “from above”?
Austria
In what year did Magyar nationals declare an independent Hungarian republic, which was swiftly conquered by Habsburg forces?
1848
What were some obstacles in Italian Unification?
-Frequent warfare
-Foreign rule
-Austria & France ruled most of Italy in the 1800s
-Italy was dismantled since the roman empire
-The popes influence
This nation inspired German nationalists to move forward with unification efforts
Italy
Who used Realpolitik to enhance the power of the Prussian monarchy and nobility, and later became the Chancellor of Germany and launched an Anti-Catholic movement?
Otto Von Bismarck
Unlike other states, which dynasty was weakened by nationalism?
The Habsburgs
What war in 1855 gained France as an ally for Italy?
Crimean War
What were the homogeneous qualities of Prussia?
Almost entirely German-speaking, Protestant, strong army
What states were brought into the German confederation?
Bavaria, Baden, Württemberg, and Saxony
In 1867, what system of government was established to appease Hungarian nationalists and to preserve the Habsburg state?
Dual Monarchy
What Italian states did Sardinia annex?
Venice, Lombardy, Parma, Modena and part of the papal states
They feared that the big “German” plan for unification succeeded they would lose influence to Austrian strength
Junkers
What was the difference between the two houses of legislature?
The Bundesrat was the upper house appointed by the rulers of German states. The Reichstag was the lower house elected by the universal male suffrage. The Bundesrat could veto any decisions the Reichstag made.
The presence of Czechs, Poles, and Slavs, as well as the issues of language in schools and politics became a major issue in which state?
Austria
Who founded the secret society called "Young Italy"?
Giuseppe Mazzini
This group won many Prussian Parliament seats in the 1858 election and pushed harder for unification of Germany
Liberal nationalists
What social welfare programs did Kaiser William II provide after rejected democratic reform?
cheap transportation, electricity, and a good public school system
The Austrians agreed to greater Hungarian autonomy in wake of their losses in Italy due to which war?
Austro-Prussian War (1866)