Nationalism Basics
What is nationalism?
A belief that people of a shared culture, language, and history should form their own nation-state.
Who is Giuseppe Garibaldi and what was he known for?
He was an Italian nationalist who led the Redshirts to help unify southern Italy.
What empire was formed in 1871 after unification?
The German Empire.
Who was known for leading the Redshirts in Italy?
Giuseppe Garibaldi.
“Not through speeches… but by iron and blood.” What does this mean?
That strong action, not talk, would achieve unification.
What was a major goal of nationalist movements in the 1800s?
To unite people of a shared culture or language into independent nations.
What role did Bismarck play in the unification of Germany?
He used diplomacy and wars to unite German states under Prussian leadership.
What does “blood and iron” refer to in Bismarck’s speech?
Military force and industrial strength used to unify Germany.
What was the goal of Italian nationalists?
To unify Italy into one independent nation-state.
What does Bolívar mean when he says Latin Americans are a “middle species”?
They were caught between native identity and European colonial control.
Which empire was most threatened by Slavic nationalism?
The Austro-Hungarian Empire.
What region did Simón Bolívar help lead to independence?
Latin America
What strategy did Bismarck use to unify Germany?
He used war, diplomacy, and industrialization.
What role did Cavour play in Italian unification?
He was the Prime Minister of Sardinia who used diplomacy to gain support for unification.
How does Bismarck’s speech reflect his view on nationalism?
He believed in using power and force to achieve national goals.
How did nationalism weaken the Austro-Hungarian Empire?
Many different ethnic groups wanted independence, causing internal division.
What was the focus of Irish nationalism in the 1800s?
Gaining independence from British control.
How did the 1848 revolutions affect German nationalism?
They inspired national unity but ultimately failed to achieve it.
How was Italy divided before unification?
Into many separate states, some controlled by foreign powers.
How does Bolívar’s Jamaica Letter show nationalist thinking in Latin America?
It argues for independence and self-rule for Latin Americans.
How was nationalism a uniting and dividing force in 19th-century Europe?
It united people in Germany and Italy, but divided multiethnic empires like Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire.
Why was Austria-Hungary called a “patchwork empire”?
It was made up of many different ethnic groups seeking independence.
What role did wars play in unifying German states?
Wars with Denmark, Austria, and France rallied support and removed obstacles to unification
Why did it take so long for Italy to unify?
Foreign control and lack of coordination between regions delayed unification.
Compare Bismarck’s and Bolívar’s views on leadership and independence.
Bismarck supported strong, authoritative unification; Bolívar advocated for liberation from colonial rule.