Nationalism
What is the definition of "nationalism"?
ideology based on the premise that the individual’s loyalty and devotion to the nation-state surpass other individual or group interests.
What is the definition of imperialism?
state policy, practice, or advocacy of extending power and dominion, especially by direct territorial acquisition or by gaining political and economic control of other areas
Which event in 1871 marked the unification of Germany?
Proclamation of the German Empire
Who is often considered the "father of Italian unification"?
Giuseppe Garibaldi
Where did nationalism in the 19th century primarily take place?
Europe
What were the motives driving European powers to engage in imperialism during the 19th century?
Nationalism
Power/Control
Economics
Name the leader who played a key role in the unification of Germany.
Otto von Bismarck
What was the role of Giuseppe Garibaldi in the unification of Italy?
Led a volunteer army to capture various Italian provinces and unite them under one name.
How aware were people in the 19th century of nationalist sentiments?
Students and elites were aware, most average people were not
Explain the concept of the "White Man's Burden" in relation to imperialism.
Idea that white people have a "burden" or duty to "civilize" other places.
What were some obstacles faced during the process of German unification?
Resentment towards Prussia
Religious differences
Divisions between Austrians and German princes
How did nationalism contribute to Italian unification?
Reaction against French rule increased Italian nationalism. This leads to Italian unification.
What is one way in which nationalism in the 19th century contributed to World War I?
Willingness to fight for a nation
Idea that own nation is superior to others
Idea that own nation deserves to rule/dominate others
How did imperialism impact the economies of both dominant nation and subordinated nations?
Dominant nation had huge economic gains--gained wealth, trade, labor.
Subordinated nations tended to lose out economically and were in a situation of perpetual exploitation.
Describe the significance of the Franco-Prussian War in German unification.
Confirmed Prussian dominance and leadership.
What role did France play in Italian unification?
Napoleon was attempting to consolidate control of northern Italy. This backfired and led Italians to unify against the French.
Why does nationalist sentiment tend to lead to political revolutions?
Nationalism leads people to want self-governance, which leads to political revolution
What was the impact of imperialism on indigenous cultures and societies?
Indigenous cultures were often wiped out or forced to assimilate to the imperial power. Many attempted to rebel, but these attempts were usually crushed.
What was the impact of German unification on the balance of power in Europe?
Germany emerged as a major power, especially militarily. This totally changes the balance of power in Europe and ultimately leads to WWI.
What did Cavour do to make Italian unification happen?
Provoked a war with the Austrians. This leads to French involvement and gets the Italians closer to unification. He's also the first Prime Minister of the new kingdom.