Frankfurters
the Prussian architect of German unification
Otto von Bismarck
the king of united Italy following the work of Camillo Cavour and Giuseppe Garibaldi
Victor Emmanuel II
What family ruled a multinational empire of 50 million people in Austria?
the Hapsburgs
laborers bound to the land and the landowners
serfs
violent mob attacks on Jewish people
pogroms
a weak alliance of German states headed by Austria, established by the Congress of Vienna
the German Confederation
the region of Italy that was a catalyst for Italian unification
Sardinia
emperor of Austria during the formation of the Monarchy of Austria-Hungary
Francis Joseph
the greatest obstacle to Russian progress
rigid social structure
government programs to help certain groups of people
social welfare
Bismarck’s third war of German unification that convinced princes of Germany to offer William I of Prussia the title of Kaiser and to establish the Second Reich
The Franco-Prussian War
the Prime Minister of Sardinia whose shrewd planning led to the unification of Italy
the multinational empire that stretched from Eastern Europe and the Balkans to North Africa and the Middle East
the Ottoman Empire
What sparked The Revolution of 1905 in which Russia was consumed with protests, strikes, and violence?
Bloody Sunday
movement away from one’s homeland
emigration
Describe realpolitik
realistic politics based on the needs of the state
power is more important than principles
Italian nationalist focused on uniting Sicily and southern Italy using the support of Sardinia and Cavour
Giuseppe Garibaldi
the southeastern portion of Europe that was the focus of repeated conflicts from 1848 through the beginning of the 20th-century
the Balkans
suppressing the cultures of non-Russians
Russification
“battle for civilization”; Bismarck’s effort to assert the authority of the German government over the Catholic church in Germany
kulturkampf
Bismarck's three foreign policy goals
Keeping France weak; Allying with Austria and Russia; Not competing with British naval power
leader of the Italian nationalist secret society Young Italy
Giuseppe Mazzini
the moderate Hungarian leader, helped to temper the revolutionary movement by agreeing to compromise with Francis Joseph by forming the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary
Ferenc Deak
Peasants had freedom but no land;
Liberals wanted a constitution and an elected legislature;
Socialist radicals demanded revolutionary changes
prime minister of Russia under Nicholas II who supervised arrests, pogroms, and executions in an effort to restore order
Peter Stolypin