Germany
What is Nationalism?
Intense pride in ones nation or group of people
Nationalism is a ____________ force in Italy, much like it is in Germany.
Unifying
Like Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire was _______________, meaning there were several different groups of people/nationalities who lived within its borders.
Multiethnic
In the 1800s, one crucial way that Russia had fallen behind Europe was concerning ______________, which became evident in the Crimean war.
Industrialization
What is one characteristic that makes up a nation or nationality?
History, Language, Culture, Tradition, Culture, Territory, Religion, etc.
This was one of several different German states before the unification of Germany in 1871. It played a prominent role in the unification of Germany, and Otto von Bismarck is from here.
Prussia
Before 1861, Italy was split into 3 areas. One controlled by Austria and France, one controlled by independent kings/princes, and the third, which was controlled by who?
The Pope
___________ led to tension in Austria and later in Austra-Hungary, as it was a multiethnic area.
Nationalism
Why did the Russian nobility/upper class oppose industrialization?
They knew it would most likely lead to urbanization and ideological shifts, such as the rise of liberalism.
The Zollverein and Frankfurt Assembly were both efforts made to help unify which country?
Germany
Who is the main figure responsible for German Unification?
Otto von Bismarck
He was part of the Young Italy movement, he led radical nationalists in southern Italy during the Risorgimento, and supported a republic style government for the new unified Italy.
Giuseppe Garibaldi
What type of government does Austria-Hungary have?
Dual Monarchy
Which group of people made up a significant chunk of the Russian lower classes at the start of the 1800s?
Serfs
Why does Nationalism create tension in multiethnic empires?
It creates a desire amongst all of the separate ethnic groups to achieve their own independence, which leads to tension, and often the breakup of that country or empire.
Bismarck's "Blood and Iron" speech advocated for using what type of methods to achieve unification?
Use of the military
Giuseppe Mazzini creates the __________ _________ movement, which was a nationalist organization that promoted Italian unification.
Young Italy
Which family had ruled Austria for centuries leading up to the 1800s?
Hapsburgs
Growing tensions eventually led to disaster on January 22, 1905 when the Tsar's guards fired into a crowd of protestors who had surrounded the Tsar's winter palace, killing hundreds. What is this event called?
Bloody Sunday
The Congress of Vienna (1814-1815) was designed to create a long term plan for peace in Europe after years of turmoil when ________________ had led military conquests across the continent.
Napoleon Bonaparte
Where was Wilhelm I named Kaiser of the newly established German Empire?
The Palace of Versailles
This person was the Prime Minister of Sardinia, his goals were to strengthen Sardinia's industrial power and ultimately to help Italy unify.
Count Camilo di Cavour
This place was referred to as "the sick man of Europe" due to its dwindling power in the 1800s which was in part caused by nationalism, and groups such as the slavs pushing for their independence.
Ottoman Empire
We do see Russia begin to industrialize under Alexander III and Nicholas II. One main example of this is the massive transportation network that is built in the 1890s, stretching from Eastern Europe to the Pacific Ocean. What is this called?
Trans-Siberian Railroad
A critical year in European history is _____, when we see widespread revolution inspired by growing liberal ideas along with nationalism.
1848