Hogan
This insulating material, made from mud and water, was used to cover the exterior of a Hogan.
What is mud plaster?
“Builders cover it with layers of mud plaster and sometimes grass…”
This type of material, taken from trees like elm, was used as shingles to cover a longhouse.
What is bark?
“…covered with overlapping bark shingles from elm or hickory trees.”
This cone-shaped structure was covered with this type of hide to protect it from weather.
What is buffalo hide?
“The cone-shaped frame is then covered with buffalo hides…”
This type of wood, common in the Pacific Northwest, was used to build plank houses.
What is cedar?
“Cedar planks, which were cut from the abundant cedar trees…”
A home built with a skeleton or wooden structure for support.
What is a frame?
“A frame made of wooden poles or tree trunks arranged in a circular shape.”
Hogans were built with this wooden skeleton that supported their circular structure.
What is a frame?
“A frame made of wooden poles or tree trunks arranged in a circular shape.”
Longhouses were built for this large family unit.
What is a clan?
“…designed for large, extended families from the same clan to live together under one roof.”
The central feature of a Tipi that was used for warmth and cooking.
What is a fire pit?
“…allow smoke to escape from the fire pit inside.”
Plank houses were built to be resistant to this common weather condition.
What is rain?
“…designed to be sturdy, rain-resistant…”
Moving from place to place without a permanent home.
What is nomadic?
“Because the Lakota were nomadic and followed the buffalo…”
The entrance of a Hogan always faced this direction to welcome the sun.
What is east?
“The entrance of a hogan always faces east to welcome the rising sun…”
Inside a longhouse, these were used to divide family living spaces.
What are partitions?
“Inside, wooden partitions separate family living spaces…”
This shape gave the Tipi its ability to withstand fierce winds.
What is a cone?
“These poles are tied together at the top to form a cone shape.”
This elevated feature inside a plank house was used for sleeping or storage.
What are raised platforms?
“Inside, families used raised platforms for sleeping and storage…”
A layer of soil placed over a home for protection and blending with the environment.
What is earth covering?
Cited from: “The earth covering not only provides additional insulation but also blends the home into the natural desert surroundings.”
A Hogan’s dome or cone structure was designed to create this temperature-regulating word.
What is insulation?
“…designed to provide insulation and protection from these extreme conditions.”
Smoke from cooking fires escaped through these roof openings.
What are roof vents?
“…with roof vents above to allow smoke to escape.”
The Tipi’s lightweight design made it easy to do this when the Lakota followed the buffalo.
What is set up or take down?
“Tipis are lightweight and quick to set up or take down…”
The central part of the plank house where cooking was done.
What is a hearth?
“…while the central hearth was used for cooking and warmth.”
A material that keeps a home warm in winter and cool in summer.
What is insulation?
“…designed to provide insulation and protection from these extreme conditions.”
This natural covering helped Hogans blend into their desert surroundings.
What is earth covering?
“The earth covering not only provides additional insulation but also blends the home into the natural desert surroundings.”
Longhouses were often over 100 feet long, allowing for ______ ______ to live together.
What are multiple families?
“A typical longhouse could stretch over 100 feet in length and house multiple families.”
This portable home was perfect for this kind of lifestyle, where people moved frequently to follow resources.
What is nomadic?
“Because the Lakota were nomadic and followed the buffalo…”
Plank houses were often built in this region of North America.
What is the Pacific Northwest?
“The Chinook people lived in the Pacific Northwest…”
Strips of material used to tie objects like wooden poles or planks together.
What are lashings?
“These poles are secured with lashings made from strips of rawhide.”
The Navajo built Hogans in these extreme desert conditions, which include hot days and cold nights.
What are harsh desert climates?
“The desert climate is harsh, with blazing hot days, freezing nights, and very little rainfall.”
These tree saplings were bent into arches to form the wooden skeleton of a longhouse.
What are young trees?
“A longhouse begins with a wooden frame made by bending young tree saplings into arches.”
These were used to tie the wooden poles of a Tipi together.
What are lashings?
“These poles are secured with lashings made from strips of rawhide.”
This tool was used to fasten the cedar planks together in a plank house.
What are lashings?
“Builders used wooden pegs or lashings made from plant fibers…”
The skin of an animal often used as a building material.
What are buffalo hides?
“The cone-shaped frame is then covered with buffalo hides, which are sewn together to create a weatherproof shell.”