Into the Americas
This land bridge connected Asia and North America and allowed early humans to migrate into the Americas.
What is the Bering Strait land bridge?
Both the Southeastern and Puebloan cultures shared this type of lifestyle.
What is sedentary?
I lived from Galveston Island to the Sabine River and used alligator fat as insect repellent.
Who are the Atakapa?
Both Gulf Coast and Plains cultures generally shared this lifestyle.
What is nomadic?
Individuals believed to have the power to summon spirits and heal the sick were called these.
What are shamans?
What archaeologists use to learn about Native Americans who lived in Texas thousands of years ago.
What are artifacts?
This East Texas tribe lived mainly along the Red River, farmed corn, squash, and beans, and lived in beehive-shaped houses.
What are the Caddo?
This tribe was among the first to adopt horses after they were introduced by Europeans.
What are the Apache?
This animal was central to Plains life and provided food, clothing, and shelter.
What is the buffalo/bison?
Many Native American cultures believed these supernatural beings caused events such as rain, fire, and changes in seasons.
What are spirits?
Humans are believed to have arrived in Texas around this year.
The Tigua had two important leaders; one religious and one political. Name BOTH.
What are the Cacique (religious leader) and the Governor (political leader)?
This tribe was known as some of the best horsemen and controlled much of the Great Plains in northern and western Texas.
Who are the Comanche?
This resource was especially important to the Atakapa, who used its fat as insect repellent and hunted it in some areas.
What is an alligator?
The development of this practice allowed Native Americans to produce their own food instead of only gathering what they could find.
What is agriculture/farming?
Archaeologists have found similarities between these objects used in Asia and the Americas.
What are stone tools?
This Puebloan group was known as the “middlemen” because they traded with many different Native American groups.
Who are the Jumano?
I lived along the Gulf Coast, used smoke signals to communicate, and was called “the wrestlers” by other Texas groups.
Who are the Karankawa?
This Gulf Coast tribe moved frequently in search of food and was known for hunting, fishing, and gathering.
Who are the Karankawa?
This way of life required early Texans to rely on wild animals and naturally available plants for food rather than growing their own crops.
What are hunter-gatherers?
Besides similarities in stone tools, scientists compare these characteristics between Asian peoples and Native Americans to support migration theories.
What are physical similarities?
This tribe started as a matrilineal society but later adopted a patrilineal system influenced by Europeans.
Who are the Tigua?
This Plains tribe fiercely resisted abandoning its hunting grounds and traditional way of life as settlers moved into their territory. The destruction of the buffalo herds also contributed to their eventual displacement.
Who are the Kiowa?
This nomadic group lived on the dry South Texas plains and rarely spent more than a few weeks at the same campsite.
Who are the Coahuiltecan?
This tool increased the strength and distance of a spear and helped early Texans hunt large animals.
What is an atlatl?