Earthquakes
What is the point on the Earth's surface directly above the earthquake’s focus?
Epicentre
What is the main cause of most tsunamis?
Underwater earthquakes
Name two common hazards from volcanic eruptions.
Lava flows, ash clouds, pyroclastic flows, lahars, gas emissions, flying rocks
What is the name of the earthquake zone around the Pacific Plate?
Ring of Fire
Which tectonic plates meet near Aotearoa New Zealand?
Pacific Plate & Australian Plate
What causes most earthquakes in Aotearoa New Zealand?
Movement along fault lines at the plate boundary
What should you do if you are at the beach and feel a strong earthquake?
Move to higher ground immediately
What is a lahar?
A volcanic mudflow
Which tectonic plate is west of Aotearoa New Zealand?
Australian Plate
What is the Ring of Fire known for?
High volcanic and earthquake activity
What is the term for a crack in the Earth’s crust where earthquakes occur?
Fault line
Which ocean warning system is NZ part of?
Pacific Tsunami Warning System
What is the bowl-shaped depression at the top of a volcano called?
Crater or caldera
What is the term for a sudden downhill movement of rock, earth, or debris?
Landslide
Which NZ city experienced devastating earthquakes in 2010 & 2011?
Christchurch Ōtautahi
What does "magnitude" measure?
The size/strength of an earthquake
Why does NZ have tsunami risk on both coasts?
Surrounded by tectonic plate boundaries and subduction zones
What type of volcano is Mt. Tarawera?
Stratovolcano or composite volcano
What type of boundary is found where two tectonic plates move apart?
Divergent boundary
What is the safest action during an earthquake indoors?
Drop, cover, hold
Name one positive outcome that can happen after a disaster.
- Stronger community ties
- improved safety plans
- new land formations
What does DART in the tsunami warning system stand for?
Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis
What type of rock is formed from cooled lava?
Igneous rock
What is the name of the layer of the Earth beneath the crust?
Mantle
What year did Cyclone Gabrielle hit NZ?
2023