Volcanoes
How long do tornadoes typically last?
a few seconds to a few minutes
37 degrees celsius; frostbite happens when it goes below
what non scientific name is used to refer to mass movement?
landslides
Which natural hazard do we experience the most in Southern Ontario?
Winter weather
Why do volcanoes erupt?
due to two plates coliding into each other which release extra heat
What is the relationship between the strength of a tornado and how long it's on the ground?
a quadratic formula; starts slow when it touches down, becomes very strong, and then weakens and lifts off
At what temperature and for how long is an extreme cold warning issued in southern Ontario?
under -30 degrees for more than 2 hours
What two things drive the movement of material?
Gravity vs friction
which types of natural hazards have stayed at the same level since the 1970s?
geophysical; earthquakes, volcanoes, and tsunamis
Why are only the southernmost volcanoes active in Hawaii?
Because of hot spots and tectonic plates; as the plates move away from the hot spots they become inactive and the hot spots create new volcanoes
What influences the direction of winds?
the coriolis effect
Why do areas around the great lakes get such a huge amount of snow in comparison to areas not around the great lakes but at the same latitude?
The lake effect; lakes retain more warmth and moisture, which drives the air up and results in high amounts of precipitation
What drives material to stay together and break apart?
water is the key; good amount of water keeps material together, too little water makes it break apart, too much water makes it break apart
Which types of natural hazards have been increasing since the 1970s?
Hydrometeorological; floods, droughts/heatwaves, blizzards, hurricanes, tornadoes; and mass movements indirectly
What are the four types of magma from most silica to least?
1. felsic magma
2. intermediate magma
3. mafic magma
4. ultramafic magma
What does air do within low pressure systems?
rises
Which city experienced an unexpected snowstorm which resulted in people getting gridlocked on a highway for 3 days?
Atlanta
What are some ways to reduce mass movement from killing people?
1. Root growth
2. Drainage of nearby water
3. Stream diversion
4. retaining wall
5. metal screening
6. rock bolts
Which type of natural disaster is the deadliest?
Drought
Which type of magma is the most viscous?
How does a mid-latitude cyclone (torando) form?
surface air spirals counterclockwise into low-pressure centre, which pushes up all of the warm air. Since it can't hold all of the moisture as it rises and cools down, a storm starts.
What phenomenon explains the "feels like" section of the weather app?
wind chill; the layer of hot air that your body creates next to your skin; wind gets rid of this (which is why "feels like" is always much lower when its very windy)
What are the five types of mass movement from slowest to fastest? (100 per type)
1. creep
2. slump
3. Mudflows and Debris Flow
4. rockflow and frost wedging
5. rockslide
what is the deadliest natural disaster event of all time?
yangtze river 1931