Earthquakes
The shaking and trembling that results from plate movement is...
an earthquake
A structure that forms in Earth's crust; can occur on land or under the sea
volcano
An extremely fast spinning column of air
Tornado
What is the threshold of wind speed for a cyclone to be classified as a hurricane?
119km/hr
What are the two kinds of crust?
oceanic and continental
What do earthquakes produce underground?
seismic waves
What is the difference between magma and lava?
lava occurs when magma has reached the surface of the Earth.
What kind of damage does a tornado cause?
wind damage, debris from being thrown around, structural damage
Where do hurricanes that hit the US typically form?
The Atlantic Ocean
How do we know that plates move? (super continent)
Because of the existence of Pangea
What are the 3 kinds of seismic waves?
P-waves, S-waves, and surface waves
Name AT LEAST two volcano parts and tell what they do.
crater- the large hole in the top of the volcano
central vent- the large part at the top of the volcano where lava flows out of
magma chamber- the large collection of magma/lava underground
bombs- large chunks of hardened lava
How long are tornadoes typically on the ground?
15 minutes or less
How are hurricanes measured?
Category 1-5, with 5 being the worst
The kind of boundary where plates move away from each other
divergent
How are earthquakes measured? What is the name of the scale used to measure them?
magnitude, Richter Scale
What are the 3 threat levels of volcanoes?
extinct- one that has not erupted in a very long time and that will most likely not erupt again
dormant-one that has not erupted in a very long time but has the possibility of erupting again
active- volcanoes that have immediate danger of erupting
How are tornadoes measured?
The EF Scale
Where are hurricane winds the strongest?
at the eye wall?
The kind of boundary where plates move toward each other
convergent
What are some of the risks of earthquakes?
building destruction, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, landslides
Name AT LEAST two types of volcanoes and list their characteristics
composite-alternating layers of lava and ash
cinder cone- layers of ash and cinder, a very loose volcano that erodes quickly
lava plateau- a flood of lava from long cracks in Earth's crust
shield volcano- slow, steady eruption in which lava builds up over a broad area
caldera- when a volcano collapses in on itself
What is the part of the United States called where the most tornadoes occur?
Tornado Alley
What damages do hurricanes typically cause?
severe flooding, wind damage
The kind of boundary where plates move past each other
transform