Earthquakes
Tsunamis
Volcanoes
Hurricanes
100
The center of the Earthquake on the surface of the Earth is called the
Epicenter
100
Are tsunamis considered a primary or secondary effect?
Secondary - occur as a result of seismic energy or shifting plates under the ocean
100
When magma erupts through the crust, it is called
Lava
100
What temperature of water is needed for tropical storms to form?
27 degrees C or higher
200
The center of an Earthquake inside the Earth's crust is called
the Focus
200
What is the main cause of tsunamis?
Earthquakes
200
The particularly active volcanic region that forms the boundary of the Pacific Plate is called the
Ring of Fire
200
What scale is used to measure hurricanes?
Saffir-Simpson
300
This Richter scale is not linear, instead it is called a _______ scale which means that a 2.0 is 10x the power of a 1.0
Logarithmic
300
Name 3 ways to mitigate the impact of tsunamis
- Monitoring of seafloor for tectonic activity to be able to provide an early warning
- Having evacuation plans and routes set in place
- Building houses on stilts or raised foundations for water to pass through
- Spacing out buildings to provide paths for water to pass
- Construction of seawalls
- Planting or conserving forests and vegetation along cost to absorb floods and slow impact of water
300
Volcanoes tend to occur at what 2 types of plate boundaries?
Convergent and Divergent
300
What force causes winds in a storm to move in a circular motion?
Coriolis Force
400
Name four factors that can affect the severity of an earthquake's impact.
Magnitude
Depth of the focus below the crust
Population density
Time of day/night
Level of preparation (warning, evacuation, educaiton)
Construction of buildings
Soil type
400
Explain why do tsunamis grow bigger (taller) before reaching landfall
As the waves reach the shore, the depth of the ocean decreases. This means the waves are forced upwards and they will also slow down. However, the waves that are still incoming are still moving quickly so they add additional height to the waves.
400
Identify 3 reasons a person may choose to live or remain living near an (active) volcano
Tourism opportunities for business
Lack of education or understanding or risks
Geothermal activity - plants or use of hot springs
Valuable minerals - diamonds, gold, copper, etc
Fertile soils - volcanic soil is good for farming
400
What are the four major types of short-term impacts caused by hurricanes?
Physical -damage to property caused by winds, flooding, etc
Social - People injured, killed, or have their lifes disrupted
Economic - Disruption of business, cost of repairs
Environmental - landslides, erosion, destruction of habitats or ecosystems, flooding, etc