EARTHQUAKE
What is an earthquake?
Sudden shaking of the Earth's crust caused by movement along faults.
How do scientists monitor volcanic eruptions?
By monitoring earthquakes, ground movement, gas emissions and temperature changes around the volcano.
Over what type of water do tropical cyclones form?
Warm tropical oceans.
Name two natural causes of flooding.
Heavy rainfall, snowmelt, prolonged rainfall.
What is a drought?
A prolonged period of below-average rainfall.
What scale is used to measure earthquake magnitude?
Richter Scale.
What is the difference between magma and lava?
Magma is underground; lava is on the surface.
Explain why tropical cyclones weaken when they move over land.
They lose their source of warm, moist air from the ocean and friction with the land slows the storm down.
What is saturated soil?
Soil that cannot absorb any more water.
Name two impacts of drought on agriculture and two impacts on people.
Agriculture:
People:
Why are earthquakes more common near plate boundaries?
Because tectonic plates interact and release energy.
Which type of plate boundaries are associated with volcanoes?
What conditions are necessary for tropical cyclones to form?
Name two human causes of flooding.
Concrete and asphalt are impermeable surfaces, reducing infiltration and increasing surface runoff.
How can climate change increase drought frequency?
Higher temperatures increase evaporation and alter rainfall patterns.
Name two secondary effects of earthquakes.
Tsunamis, landslides, fires, disease outbreaks.
Why do people live near volcanoes?
Fertile soils, tourism, geothermal energy and jobs.
How may climate change increase cyclone intensity?
Warmer oceans provide more energy.
How does deforestation increase flood risk?
Less interception and infiltration, more runoff.
Name three methods used to reduce drought impacts.
Reservoirs, drip irrigation, rainwater harvesting., water conservation. International aid.
Are plates moving together or apart at a divergent- constructive boundary?
Apart.
Name three features of a volcano .
Lava flows, ash clouds, pyroclastic flows.
How do scientists monitor tropical cyclones?
Using satellites, weather radar, aircraft, weather stations and computer models.
Name two hard engineering methods used to manage flooding.
Explain how drip irrigation conserves water.
ater is delivered directly to plant roots, reducing evaporation and waste.