DNA
What is a change in the DNA of a gene or chromosome?
mutations
A mutation happens in what part of an organism?
chromosomes/genes/DNA/RNA
Who discovered natural selection?
Charles Darwin
When a human biologically or chemically changes an organism's genetics like CRISPR, this is called ____________?
GMO or genetic engineering
Fossils are found in layers. Youngest to oldest. What is the rule of this called?
Law of superposition
What is the shape of DNA?
Double Helix
Do all mutations cause harm?
no
When natural selection takes place and the strongest survive, scientists have coined this phrase to show superiority.
Survival of the fittest
When two organisms of the same species are intentionally bred together to form desired traits, this is the process called __________?
selective breeding
Different animals have different structures of bones but with same functions, this is an example of what type of structure?
a. homologous
b. analogous
analogous
Your proteins determine your what?
traits or phenotype
Since food has consistently been scarce in winter, bears changed their behavior genetically to hibernate. This is an example of an ________________.
Adaptation
Bone structures in a human arm bone, a dogs leg, and a whales flipper are all the same structure. What can be concluded about this homologous structure?
common ancestor
An orchard of apple trees was never sprayed with any type of pesticide. The apples therefore could be labeled
organic
Fill in the blank.
A dog breeder prefers very pointy noses for his dogs. So, he breeds dogs with the most pointed noses he can find in hopes of getting puppies with very pointy noses. This process is called __________.
selective breeding
What nucleotide matches to adenine(A) in DNA?
Thymine
Fill in the blank.
Animals with more_________ allows them to compete better for food and live longer than other animals in the same species.
Variations or adaptations
A plant with a "size" gene Tt. What can you expect the phenotype to be?
Tall
What are three purposes of creating Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO)?
grow faster
grow larger
toxic to pests/insects
ripen quicker or last longer
What is the difference between natural selection and selective breeding?
teacher discretion
Which happens first transcription or translation? And describe why.
transcription
What might happen to a protein that has a substitution codon mutation?
it could make a completely different protein than what is needed.
Fill in the blank.
Populations of organisms change over time when left alone those organisms who adapt best breed and survive over time. This process is called ______________________________.
Natural Selection
What is the difference between transcription and translation?
teacher discretion
Birds see green better than brown. Beetles population consist of both brown and green phenotypes. What will the future hold for the beetle population?
brown beetles will naturally have a greater population and could alter the genome to all be brown.