DNA
What is a change in the DNA of a gene or chromosome?
mutations
A mutation happens in what part of an organism?
chromosomes/genes
Who discovered natural selection?
Charles Darwin
When a human biologically or chemically changes an organism's genetics, this is called ____________?
genetic engineering
What were the name of the islands where Charles Darwin studied natural selection?
Galapagos Islands
What is the shape of DNA?
Double Helix
A mutation in a gene that codes for blue eyes is what type of mutation?
neutral
A opossum plays dead to avoid being eaten by a predator, is an example of what type of adaptation?
Behavioral
selective breeding
An animal growing thicker or more fur/hair to protect itself from cold temperatures, is an example of what adaptation?
Structural
Your proteins determine your what?
traits
A bear going into hibernation to conserve energy is an example of what type of adaptation?
Behavioral
What happens when a species cannot adapt to its environment?
The species may go extinct
An orchard of apple trees was genetically modified to keep pests and insects from eating the apples. The apples should be labeled as what?
GMO
genetically modified organism
Fill in the blank.
A dog breeder prefers very pointy noses for his dogs. So, he breeds dogs with the most pointed noses he can find in hopes of getting puppies with very pointy noses. This process is called __________.
selective breeding
What nucleotide matches to adenine in DNA?
Thymine
Fill in the blank.
Animals with _________ that benefit them, allow them to compete better for food and live longer than other animals in the same species.
Variations
What are the three types of adaptations?
Structural, Behavioral, and Functional
What are three purposes of creating Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO)?
grow faster
grow larger
toxic to pests/insects
ripen quicker
Fill in the blank.
_________ is an inherited trait that increases an organism’s chance of survival and reproduction?
Adaptation
Each nucleotide of a DNA strand is made up of what 3 things?
a phosphate, a deoxyribose sugar, and nitrogen base
Fill in the blanks.
A change in traits may be caused by ____.
This happens when _______.
The traits that occur can be ____, ______. or _____.
a mutation
there is a change in DNA through environmental factors or genetic factors.
positive, negative, or neutral
Fill in the blank.
Populations of organisms change over time ______________________________.
through natural selections and adaptations. If a species is unable to adapt to its environment it can go extinct.
What are the two ways humans change traits?
Selective breeding and Genetic engineering
Compare and contrast natural selection and selective breeding.
Both can cause changes in organisms.
Natural selection happens naturally. Selective breeding happens when humans select and breed organisms.