Vocab
Change in an organism/population over many generations
Evolution
No
A long winged hummingbird has an advantage over the short winged birds as it can fly quicker to avoid predators and reach food sources. Overtime the population of hummingbirds become longer winged as they are the ones surviving and reproducing. This is an example of what type of selection?
Natural selection
The two functions of an organism are to survive and reproduce. This can be determined by the fitness of the organism. Would a species that is surviving and reproducing have a higher or lower fitness?
Higher
The process where organisms that are best adapted to their environment are most likely to survive and reproduce
Natural Selection
What are the three ways a mutation can affect an organism?
Help them, harm them, have no effect on them
Female checkered lizards often choose the healthiest mate to reproduce with. They do this by observing dance rituals performed by male checkered lizards. What type of selection is this?
Sexual selection/female choice
A species is a group of similar ________ that can mate with each other and produce offspring capable of reproduction
Organisms
A behavior or trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment (inherited)
Adaptation
Over time what type of mutation (harmful/helpful) will become more present in a population?
Helpful
A well known dog breeder is breeding black labs for hunting. The faster and stronger dogs are the best for picking up game in the forest. He intentionally breeds for these traits in hopes of producing offspring that are fast and strong. What type of selection is this?
Artificial selection
Brown snake
the process where closely related species accumulate differences over time, often resulting in new, distinct species from a common ancestor
Divergent Evolution
The theory of evolution states that a species in a population, over time, experiences changes physically or behaviorally. These changes are direct results of variety in the gene pool. Without mutations there would be no change in the population as these produce variety. Which type of mutation (helpful, harmful, neutral) would result in evolution?
Helpful
A group of paleontologists were at a dig site looking for relic bones of ancient organisms. The layers the group were digging range from layer A to layer D (A being at the top followed by B, C and D further down). If the group found fossil remains on layer A and D which remains would be younger?
Layer A remains
Male red beetles use pincers to combat each other over territory that houses many females. This is an example of which type of sexual selection?
Male competition
Any difference between individuals of the same species
Variation
BONUS: There are two ways we spoke about briefly that cause mutations. What are these two?
1.) Error while copying DNA
2.) Environmental factors (radiation, industrial chemicals, food mutagens)
What is the name of the law that tells us the following: the oldest sedimentary rock layers are at the bottom, and progressively younger layers are stacked on top.
The law of superposition
Catherine is interested and reads often about Darwin's research and observations on the Galápagos Island finches. Originally, the finches may have all looked alike. Eventually one adaptation evolved differently in each population based
on the type of food they ate. What adaptation might that be?
Beak shape