Lesson 1
Early Study Of Evolution
Early Study Of Evolution
What is the definition of evolution?
The process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms.
What is the definition of mechanism?
The natural process by which something takes place.
What does an organism's fitness describe about that organism?
It describes how well it can survive and reproduce in the wild.
What is the definition of extinct?
A term to refer to a group of related organisms that have died out and have no living members.
What is the definition of protein?
Large organic molecule made of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur.
Who had gone on a 5-year trip around the world aboard a British navy ship?
Charles Darwin
How does Artificial Selection work?
When only animals with desired traits, such as color, are bred by humans in the hope that the next generation will inherit the desired trait.
What is the last mechanism of evolution?
It's Genetic Drift
How long ago did the earth first form?
4.5 Billion years ago
What is one of the processes that shaped LUCA?
Natural selection.
What studies did Mary Anning's fossils contribute to?
The study of fossils and geology
How does natural selection work?
It is the process by which organisms that are best adapted to their environment are most likely to survive and reproduce.
What is the definition of Coevolution?
The process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other over time.
How do most fossils form?
When an organism dies and sediment buries them.
What is the definition of endosymbiosis?
A relationship in which one organism lives inside another organism's cells.
Who was the person who developed the first scientific system for classifying and naming living things?
Carolus Linnaeus
What was something that Darwin wasn't able to explain about natural selection?
He wasn't able to figure out where variations came from.
What was one reason for Darwin's oversimplification of evolution?
He didn't know about mutations or that it was any change to an organism's genetic material.
What are the two kinds of fossils?
Body and trace fossils.
What is a common ancestor called?
LUCA or Last Universal Common Ancestor.
What did Darwin figure out when he was in South America?
He had concluded that finches, over time, had different beak shapes and sizes, but had all come from the same ancestor species.
What is Epigenetics, the study of?
It's the study of small changes to DNA that turns genes on or off, but do not change the genetic code itself.
How does Gene flow occur?
Gene flow occurs when an individuals with new alleles physically move from one population to another.
What is the definition of homologous structures?
It's when structures that are similar in different species and that have been inherited from a common ancestor.
How does the transfer of genes happen?
When one cell engulfs another, or when bacteria share their DNA with other cells.