Vocab
This means change through time. The theory that existing life forms have evolved from earlier forms over long periods of time.
Evolution
This principle of natural selection refers to the fact that individuals in a population are going to differ from one another.
Variation
In this type of selection, traits in the middle of two extremes are the most beneficial
Stabilizing Selection
Any trace or remains of a once-living organism that has been preserved by natural processes.
Fossil
This means an ancestral species that one or more living species is a descendant of
Common Ancestor
This principle of natural selection refers to the fact that populations often produce more offspring than are able to survive
Overproduction
In this type of selection, a trait that is more or less extreme is what is most favorable
Directional Selection
Type of diagram that shows the relationship of organisms to their ancestors as well as common ancestry.
Cladogram or Phylogenetic Tree
Animals that have certain beneficial traits are more likely to survive and pass on their traits. Nature determines which traits are most beneficial.
Natural Selection
This principle of natural selection refers to the fact that organisms often have to compete for limited resources
Struggle to survive
In this type of selection, both extremes of a trait but not the middle are ideal for survival
Diversifying Selection
The random appearance of a new trait in an organism.
Mutation
A group of genetically similar organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring.
Species
This principle of natural selection refers to the fact that individuals with traits that are best suited to their environment are more likely to survive and make more organisms
Reprouction
What type of selection is demonstrated in this example?
On the Galápagos Islands west of the coast of Ecuador, groups of finches had different beak depths ranging from small to large. During years in which the islands experienced drought, neither small or large seeds were in great abundance. Bird with larger beaks were able to survive because they could eat the available seeds, but birds with smaller beaks struggled to survive with the small amount of smaller seeds.
Directional Selection
When a species gradually develops into a new species
Speciation