Evidence of Evolution
What is the term for structures that are similar due to common ancestry, even if they have different functions?
Homologous structures
What is the process where organisms with advantageous traits survive and reproduce more successfully?
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
What is a random change in allele frequencies in a small population called?
Genetic drift
What type of evidence for evolution compares DNA sequences between organisms?
Molecular evidence
What is variation?
Differences in traits among individuals in a population
What is the equation used to represent genotype frequencies in a population?
p2+2pq+q2=1
What are vestigial structures?
Structures that serve no current purpose but were useful in ancestors
What is the unit on which natural selection acts?
Population
What does p represent in Hardy-Weinberg equations?
Frequency of dominant allele
What is the process where new alleles arise due to DNA changes?
Mutation
Convergent evolution
What must be true for natural selection to occur over time in a population?
Traits must be heritable
What must be true for a population to be Hardy-Weinberg equillibrium?
No mutation, no migration, no selection, random mating, and large population
What is non-random mating based on traits or preferences called?
Sexual selection
What type of evidence includes similarities in early development stages of different organisms?
Embryological evidence
What is the result of natural selection over many generations?
Adaptation of the population
If a population is NOT in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is occuring?
Evolution
What is the founder effect a type of?
Genetic drift