Evidence for Evolution
Calcified bones are used to compare structures of extinct organisms
Fossil Record
A random change to an organism's genotype
Mutation
Rabbits are black or white, but not grey
Disruptive selection
Small prokaryotic cells formed organelles through endocytosis
Endosymbiotic Theory
The powerhouse of the cell; Generates ATP
Mitochondria
Wings developed in both mammals and birds
Analogous structure
A random change that increased an organism's fitness
Adaptation
Rabbits are all white, not grey or black
Directional selection
Water, methane, ammonia, hydrogen, and electricity can form amino acids
Miller-Urey Experiment
The ribosomal site where amino acids are added to the growing polypeptide chain
P (peptidyl) site
Whales and humans have fingers
Homologous structures
An adaptation increases an organism's ability to survive, resulting in increased _____
Biological fitness
Rabbits are all grey, not black or white
Stabilizing selection
RNA-like molecules were the original genetic material
RNA-world hypothesis
The bond type that joins together two monosaccharides (carbohydrates)
Glycosidic bond
Humans have a tailbone (coccyx), but no tail
Vestigial Structure
Evolution occurs at this level
Population
Natural selection acts upon _______, not the individual genes of an organism
Phenotypes/ Physical Traits
The collection of biological molecules formed in ocean water about 4 billion years ago
Primordial Soup
This is the mRNA sequence for the amino acid Met (start)
A U G