Essential Vocabulary
A simple sugar (monosaccharide) of chemical formula C6H12O6
What is this called?
Glucose
What do we call all organisms that are capable of "making their own food" by photosynthesis?
Autotrophs
DAILY DOUBLE!!
What organisms undergo cellular respiration?
A. Plants only
B. Animals only
C. Both plants and animals
D. Neither plants nor animals
C. Both plants and animals
What will most likely be the result if all of the chloroplasts are removed from a plant cell?
A. It will be unable to carry out respiration.
B. It will lose water through osmosis.
C. It will break down the ribosomes in the cell.
D. It will be unable to photosynthesize.
D. It will be unable to photosynthesize.
Organic compounds are known to contain a backbone made up of what element?
Carbon
DAILY DOUBLE!!
What molecule serves as cell energy?
What is its full name, spelled correctly?
ATP - Adenosine Triphosphate
Which process is an outcome of photosynthesis?
A. Complex molecules are broken down to form simple molecules.
B. Water is absorbed into the root hairs.
C. Light energy is converted into chemical energy.
D. Water is transported through vascular tissue.
C. Light energy is converted into chemical energy.
In which cell organelle does cell respiration take place?
Extra 100 points if you can draw a picture of this structure!
Mitochondria
The movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane is ___________.
Osmosis
** ALL IN!!**
What is the building block of a protein?
What type of bond holds these units together?
Amino acids, peptide bonds
The movement of materials from low to high concentration that requires energy is called ______.
Active Transport
The equation below represents a summary of a biological process.
CO2+ H2O + sunlight → C6H12O6 + O2
In what organelle does this process occur?
Chloroplast
How much ATP is produced from anaerobic respiration compared to aerobic respiration?
Anaerobic produces 2 ATPs, while aerobic produces 36 ATPs.
One immediate cause of a decrease in the rate of photosynthesis is a reduction in the availability of:
A. Carbon dioxide
B. Carbon monoxide
C. Hydrogen
D. Nitrogen
A. Carbon dioxide
Which group of macromolecules contain substances like starch and glucose?
Carbohydrates
A type of cell respiration that does NOT require oxygen.
Anaerobic Respiration
(Will also accept lactic acid or alcoholic fermentation)
**ALL IN!**
All radiation emitted by the Sun is called ______________ _____________.
Electromagnetic Radiation/Spectrum
Inside the mitochondria is a membrane with folds called cristae.
What is the purpose of these folds?
To increase surface area for more ATP production
DAILY DOUBLE!!
Cell transport that does not require energy is called _______.
Name 2 types of this process.
passive; osmosis & diffusion
Which type of biomolecule is cellulose?
Carbohydrate
What are the 2 types of anaerobic respiration?
Lactic acid fermentation
Alcoholic fermentation
What pigment allows for all red and blue light to be absorbed, but green light to be reflected in plant cells?
Chlorophyll
Which of the following reactions leads to fatigue and soreness of muscle tissue?
A. H2O + CO2 → C6H12O6 (glucose) + O2
B. C6H12O6 + O2 → H2O + CO2 + 36ATP
C. C6H12O6 → Lactic Acid + 2ATP
D. C6H12O6 → CO2 + Lactic Acid + 2ATP
D. C6H12O6 → CO2 + Lactic Acid + 2ATP
In addition to phospholipids, the plasma membrane contains ____________ that help with transporting large and polar materials in and out of the cell.
proteins
Name 2 functions of lipids.
Insulation
Long-term energy storage
Protection
Components of plasma membrane