History & Treatment
The ancient practice of making a small hole in the skull to release "evil spirits."
What is trephining?
A "free-floating" state of excessive, uncontrollable, and pointless worry for at least 6 months.
What is Generalized Anxiety Disorder?
A perceptual experience, such as hearing voices, that occurs in the absence of external stimulation.
What is Hallucination?
This disorder is characterized by a pervasive pattern of inattention and/or hyperactive, impulsive behavior.
What is ADHD?
Developed by Freud, this therapy focuses on repressed childhood impulses and the unconscious.
What is psychoanalysis?
This 19th-century social reformer horrified by asylum conditions lobbied Congress to create the first mental asylums in the U.S.
Who is Dorothea Dix
This disorder involves mood states that vacillate between the extremes of depression and mania.
What is Bipolar Disorder?
Beliefs that are contrary to reality and firmly held even in the face of contradictory evidence.
What are Delusions?
A neurodevelopmental disorder marked by deficits in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors.
What is Autism Spectrum Disorder?
A technique that pairs an unpleasant stimulus with an undesirable behavior to stop it.
What is aversion conditioning?
The 1963 process of closing large asylums to treat people locally in their communities.
What is deinstitutionalization?
A state of extreme elation where a person may become excessively talkative or behave recklessly.
What is Mania?
One hypothesis suggests an overabundance of this specific neurotransmitter is responsible for schizophrenia.
What is Dopamine?
A personality disorder marked by instability in self-image, mood, and relationships, and an inability to tolerate being alone.
What is Borderline Personality Disorder?
This therapy helps clients change "cognitive distortions" and self-defeating behaviors.
What is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)?
This model suggests disorders arise from a combination of vulnerability and stressful life events.
This brainstem region is the major source of norepinephrine and is suspected to play a role in Panic Disorder.
What is the Locus Coeruleus?
A person with this disorder exhibits two or more well-defined and distinct personalities.
What is Dissociative Identity Disorder?
An individual who shows no regard for others' rights, lacks remorse, and may perform illegal acts.
What is Antisocial Personality Disorder?
A popular exposure therapy where a calm state is gradually associated with increasing levels of anxiety-inducing stimuli.
The DSM-5 term for the co-occurrence of two or more disorders, such as a drug addiction and depression.
What is Comorbidity?
Cognitive theory suggests this state—an expectation that unpleasant outcomes will occur regardless of one's actions—is a primary cause of depression.
What is Hopelessness?
A state where a person with PTSD or a Dissociative Disorder relives a traumatic event as if it is occurring now.
What is a Flashback?
This term describes the physical "sweatiness on hands" (sympathetic nervous system activity) that those with Antisocial tendencies often lack.
What is Skin Conductance?
The term for when a patient transfers emotions associated with other relationships onto their therapist.
What is transference?