Trait and Factor
One major category of career theory is known as the trait-factor (also called the trait-and-factor) approach. It has also been dubbed the actuarial or matching approach. This approach
attempts to match the worker and the work environment (job factors). The approach thus makes the assumption that there is one best or single career for the person.
Anne Roe suggested a personality approach to career choice
based on the premise that a job satisfi es an unconscious need.
Bordin is known for saying that we choose careers based on..
Bordin, though, felt that career choice could be used to solve unconscious conflicts.
Holland categorized _______ personality orientations which correspond to analogous work environments.
Six!
Ginzberg and his associates viewed career choices as irreversible and the result of compromises between wishes and realistic possibilities. This theory identified three stages of career development
fantasy (birth to age 11), tentative (ages 11 to 17), and realistic (age 17 to early 20s).
The trait-and-factor career counseling, actuarial, or matching approach (which matches clients with a job) is associated with
Parsons and Williamson
Roe was the first career specialist to utilize a two-dimensional system of occupational classification utilizing
fields and levels
Edwin Bordin felt that difficulties related to job choice
are indicative of neurotic symptoms.
Holland mentioned six modal orientations: artistic, conventional, enterprising, investigative, realistic, and social. A middle school counselor is most likely
Social!
Ginzberg and his colleagues later stated regarding career change, which
does not end at age 20 or adulthood.
In 1909 a landmark book entitled Choosing a Vocation was released. The book was written by Frank Parsons. Parsons has been called
the Father of vocational guidance.
Roe spoke of three basic parenting styles: overprotective, avoidant, or acceptant. The result is that the child
will develop a personality which gravitates (i.e., moves) toward people or away from people
A. Brill. Brill emphasized _______ as an ego-defense mechanism.
sublimation
Holland’s theory would predict that the vice president of the United States would be
Enterprising!
The most popular developmental career theorist is Donald Super. Super emphasizes a term that means how we perceive our behaviors, abilities, and unique characteristics is called...
self-concept.
Edmund Griffith Williamson’s work purports to be scientific and didactic, utilizing test data from instruments such as the
Minnesota Occupational Rating Scales
Roe’s theory relies on Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs in the sense that in terms of career choice
lower order needs take precedence over higher order needs.
Most experts in the field of career counseling would classify Roe, Brill, and Holland as _______ theorists.
personality
A client who wishes to work on an assembly line would fit into Holland’s _______ typology.
Realistic!
Super’s theory emphasizes _______ life stages.
Five!
The trait-and-factor approach fails to take _______ into account.
individual change throughout the life span
In terms of genetics, Roe’s theory would assert that
genetics help to determine intelligence and education, and hence this infl uences one’s career choice.
The decision-making theory, which refers to periods of anticipation and implementation/adjustment, was proposed by
David Tiedeman and Robert O’Hara
Thus, a bookkeeper or a clerical worker would primarily fit into the _______ category.
Conventional!
Super’s theory emphasizes _______ life roles
Eight!