Career Counseling
What is the role of the Occupational Outlook Handbook?
a) Paperweight
b) Source of information
c) Evaluation tool
d) None of the above
b) Source of information
The Occupational Outlook Handbook, or OOH, is a valuable source of information about careers, the outlook or forecast of the career, potential salary, where jobs of this type might be found, education requirements, etc. Many career counselors consider it to be the foremost resource for researching careers.
According to Lev Vygotsky, when there is a range of tasks that a child can perform with assistance from others, but he or she cannot yet perform them independently, this is known as _____.
a. the level of potential development
b. the developmental range of cognition
c. the zone of proximal development
d. pre-cognitive development
c. the zone of proximal development
What test is used when the variables of interest are nominal?
a) T-test
b) ANOVA
c) Chi Square
d) All of the above
c) Chi Square
A significance level for a particular study is .05. What does this mean in terms of the results of the study?
a. If the study is conducted 100 times, researchers are 5% certain their hypothesis will be correct
b. If the study is conducted 100 times, researchers are willing to accept the possibility of rejecting the null hypothesis in error 5 of those times
c. Data reported in the study has only a 5 percent chance of being accurate
d.Researchers believe that 5 percent of the time study participants report inaccurate data
b.If the study is conducted 100 times, researchers are willing to accept the possibility of rejecting the null hypothesis in error 5 of those times
The term group therapy was coined in 1931 by this individual.
Who is Jacob Moreno (the father of Psychodrama)?
Holland's RIASEC theory would predict a business owner or salesman would be primarily this type of person.
What is enterprising?
Information-processing theories and behavioral theories fall into what broad category explaining how humans grow and develop?
a. Cognitive theories
b. Humanistic theories
c. Learning theories
d. Psychoanalytical theories
c. Learning theories
If a distribution is bimodal, then there is a good chance that the researcher will be working with these.
What is two distinct populations?
A mental health practitioner wants to know more about a client's unconscious drives and emotional functioning. Which of the following psychological assessments might help the practitioner gather this type of information?
a. Beck Depression Inventory
b. Rorschach
c. California Psychological Inventory
d. WISC-IV
b. Rorschach
When a group leader attempts to relate one person's predicament to another person's predicament.
What is linking?
In 1909 a landmark book entitled Choosing a Vocation was released. The book was written by Frank Parson. Parsons has been called this:
Who is the father of vocational guidance?
Freud's stages are psychosexual while Erik Erickson's stages are...
a) Social
b) Psychosocial
c) Egocentric
d) Preoperational
b) Psychosocial
Experimental is to cause and effect as correlational is to this.
What is degree of relationship?
The parents of a three-year-old child come to see a counselor for help with their son. He has been throwing extreme temper tantrums for the past year to the point that he will yell, scream, and sometimes hit his head on the floor. The parents report that the tantrums didn't start out this bad but have gradually gotten worse. When the child starts having a tantrum, the parents say that they tell him to stop and try to talk to him about his feelings. If this doesn't work, they try to ignore him until he becomes so disruptive that they hold him in a bear hug until he calms down. The parents' unsuccessful intervention is a(n):
a. Negative-reinforcing stimulus
b. Example of classical conditioning
c. Positive-reinforcing stimulus
d. Punishment
c. Positive-reinforcing stimulus
(A positive-reinforcing stimulus is a reward that, sometimes unintentionally, maintains or increases a behavior. In this situation, the child is receiving verbal and sometimes physical attention from his parents when he throws tantrums, so he continues to throw the tantrums in order to get their attention.)
Intervention strategies that approach the group as a whole.
Relies on tests and assessments to match traits, aptitude, and interests with a given occupation (E.G. Williamson).
What is the trait-and-factor-matching theory?
Piaget's theory has 4 stages. The correct order from stage one to four is...
a) Preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational, sensorimotor
b) Sensorimotor, preoperational, formal operational, concrete operational
c) Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
d) Preoperational, sensorimotor, formal operational, concrete operational
c) Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
If an ANOVA yeilds a significant F value, you could rely on this to test significant differences between group means.
What is Duncan’s multiple-range, Tukey’s or Scheffe’s test?
All of the following are types of validity except which one?
a. face
b. content
c. predictive
d. equivalence
d. equivalence
AA is an example of this type of group.
What is a self-help group?
Vocational choice is related to personality development at a young age. Early childhood needs-theory approach was founded by:
Who is Anne Roe?
What are Kohlberg's three levels of morality?
a) Preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
b) Preconventional, conventional, post-conventional
c) Id, Ego, Superego
d) None of the above
b) Preconventional, conventional, post-conventional
A measure of central tendency defined as the most frequently occurring score in a group of scores.
What is the mode?
Crystallized intelligence refers to what type of abilities?
a. The tendency to convert failures into new opportunities
b. The ability to verbalize emotional experiences
c. The ability to solve new problems quickly
d. Acquired and learned skills
d. Acquired and learned skills
Fluid intelligence refers to the ability to solve new problems quickly and is independent of education and culture. Crystallized intelligence, on the other hand, is comprised of acquired skills and can be influenced by culture, personality, and education.
What is a laissez faire group leader?