Areas of Clinical Skills
What is important to people who prioritize collateralism?
People who place high value on the importance of making decisions that positively reflect their peers or family members.
What are the diagnostic criteria for panic disorder?
- recurrent unexpected panic attacks with at least 1 month of persistent concern they will have another or a significant change in behavior related to the attack
-panic attacks are brief, defined periods of intense apprehension, fear, or terror- develop quickly and reach their peak after approximately 10 minutes.
What are experimental studies?
-highly controlled
-intervening and extraneous variables are eliminated
-independent variables are manipulated to measure the effects on the dependent variable
- can be in the field or laboratory
What is objective data?
- observable, can be tested and verified
- uses numbers, statistical format
-used in information gathering, after the design of data collection is outlined, usually in later stages
-tools may include surveys, questionnaires, or other methods for obtaining numerical data
Described Piaget's concrete operational stage of cognitive development.
-7-11 years old
-gains the ability to organize and relate experience to an organized whole
-can explore several possible solutions to a problem without adopting one, as they are able to return to their original outlook
What is the difference between positive and negative cognitive appraisal as it relates to a reaction to terrorism?
positive- develops coping skills to deal with the events
negative- feel out of control and as if they can not prevent future terror acts against them
What is a worldview?
the way an individual perceives their relationship to nature, institutions, and other people and objects
this helps develop the way people think, behave, make decisions, and understand phenomena
assists with assessment of mental health status, assessment and diagnosis, and treatment planning
What is descriptive survey design?
- when variables have already been studied and need further research
-variables are controlled partially by the situation and partially by the investigator, who chooses the sample
-proof of causality can not be established, but evidence may support causality
What is competence as it relates to counselors?
-ability to do something to a compulsory set of standards
- counselor's must reach this at the highest level
-life-long commitment to achieving competency
What is an extended family?
one in which several nuclear families related by blood or marriage function as one unit
When might an individual be diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder?
- excessive anxiety about multiple events or activities
-must have had for at least 6 months and be difficult to control
-anxiety must be disproportionate to the feared event
What are the characteristics of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)?
-pattern of negative or hostile behaviors toward authority figures
- frequent outbreaks of temper and rages
- deliberately annoying people
- blaming others
- spite and vindictiveness
What is the ethical consideration of privacy/confidentiality when using technology in counseling?
- written permission to use technology
-secure network- password protected
-an information exchange is to be kept as part of the client's record- client should be aware of this
What is a population in sampling?
-total set of subjects sought for measurement by the researcher
What is a blended family?
-a parent marries or remarries after having children
-usually called stepfamilies
What is adolescence-limited conduct disorder?
- usually the result of a temporary disparity between the adolescent's biological maturity and freedom
-may commit anti-social behavior with friends
-may only display anti-social behaviors in one area of life and not in others
What is Tourette's syndrome?
- neurological disorder characterized by at least 1 vocal tic and multiple motor tics- simultaneous or separately
- appears before 18 years of age
-likely to have OCD, hyperactivity, and distractibility
What is accountability in the counselor-client relationship?
- counselor takes responsibility for their actions and others in their field
-unethical behavior is handled professionally and empathetically
- confrontations need to be approached with respect and a sense of fairness- the goal is to achieve a positive result
- counselor should role-play or rehearse confrontation to ensure that possible responses and consequences can be responded to on a professional level
What is generalizability?
- degree to which specific findings obtained can be applied to the total population
What is an indifferent (uninvolved) parenting style?
-self-involved with no patience or time for taking care of their child's needs
-guidance and discipline are lacking and inconsistent
- children tend to lean toward delinquency with a lack of respect toward others
What are the characteristics of social anxiety disorder?
-persistent fear of social situations or social situations where they may be called upon to perform
-fear criticism and evaluation by others
- Response to fear is a panic attack
- avoid the situation or endure it with distress
- must have a negative impact on their life and be present for at least 6 months
What is pica?
-persistent eating of non-food substances such as paint, hair, sand, cloth, pebbles
- must occur for at least a month and have no aversion to actual food
-behavior must be independent and not part of culturally acceptable processes
-usually manifests between 12-24 months old
-observed in developmentally delayed children, pregnant women, and people with anemia
What is respect in the counselor-client relationship?
all clients must be treated with respect
-accuracy in reporting details, loyal devotion, honesty, confidence, reliability, keeping promises, and valuing personal independence
- counselor displays an accurate role to the client, client's rights, confidentiality rights, and any negative consequences that can result in a prescribed tx plan
What is involved in the credentialing process for a counselor?
- depends on the work setting and specialty
- usually need a masters
- SUD can be a diploma or a certificate
What is the person-in-environment theory?
- the influence the client has on their environment and the influence multiple environments have on the client
-social, economic, family, religious, educational, work, culture, political, ethnic, life events- ect
-helps to recognize the impact of oppression and discrimination on the client
- supports goals of personal care and furthering the cause of social justice