Pharmacology
This medication class ending in "-pril" is used to treat hypertension by inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II.
What are ACE inhibitors? -
- Explanation: ACE inhibitors lower blood pressure by preventing the formation of angiotensin II, which leads to vasodilation and decreased blood volume.
This nursing intervention involves placing the patient in a semi-sitting position with the head of the bed elevated 30-45 degrees.
What is Fowler's position?
Explanation: Fowler's position reduces abdominal pressure on the diaphragm, facilitating better breathing.
This defense mechanism involves attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or impulses to another person.
What is projection?
Explanation: Projection serves as a psychological coping mechanism by shifting blame or feelings onto others.
This assessment tool evaluates a newborn's heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability, and color at 1 and 5 minutes after birth
What is the Apgar score?
Explanation: The Apgar score is a quick method to assess a newborn's health and need for resuscitation.
When caring for multiple patients, the nurse should first assess this patient who has a blood pressure of 80/40 mmHg and is complaining of dizziness.
What is the hypotensive patient?
Explanation: Blood pressure of 80/40 mmHg suggests compromised perfusion, prioritizing urgent assessment.
This anticoagulant requires regular monitoring of INR and has dietary restrictions related to vitamin K intake.
What is warfarin (Coumadin)?
Explanation: Warfarin's effect on clotting is influenced by vitamin K, so consistency in vitamin K consumption helps maintain stable INR levels
This type of isolation precaution is used for patients with infections transmitted by droplets larger than 5 microns that travel short distances.
What are droplet precautions?
Explanation: Droplet precautions prevent the spread of pathogens via respiratory droplets.
This medication class is commonly used to treat bipolar disorder and requires regular monitoring of serum levels due to its narrow therapeutic range.
What are lithium salts?
Explanation: Lithium stabilizes mood but can be toxic if serum levels become too high, necessitating monitoring.
This pregnancy complication is characterized by hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks gestation and can lead to eclampsia if untreated.
What is preeclampsia?
Explanation: Preeclampsia involves systemic endothelial dysfunction, increasing maternal and fetal risks.
Among patients with chest pain, shortness of breath, fever, and abdominal pain, the nurse should prioritize assessment of this symptom first.
What is chest pain?
Explanation: Chest pain can be a sign of a critical cardiac or respiratory event, requiring immediate evaluation.
This medication used for type 2 diabetes works by increasing insulin sensitivity and is contraindicated in patients with heart failure.
What is pioglitazone (Actos) or rosiglitazone (Avandia)?
Explanation: TZDs enhance the body's response to insulin, but they can exacerbate heart failure due to fluid accumulation.
This assessment finding in a patient with heart failure indicates fluid accumulation in the lungs and is heard as fine, crackling sounds during auscultation
What are crackles (or rales)?
Explanation: Crackles result from fluid in the alveoli, commonly due to congestive heart failure.
This anxiety disorder is characterized by recurrent, unexpected panic attacks and persistent worry about having additional attacks.
What is panic disorder?
Explanation: Panic disorder involves abrupt surges of intense fear and physiological responses
This condition in newborns is characterized by respiratory distress due to insufficient surfactant production and is more common in premature infants.
What is Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)?
Explanation: Lack of surfactant results in alveoli collapse, making ventilation and oxygenation difficult.
When implementing the nursing process, this step must be completed before planning interventions for a patient
What is assessment?
Explanation: Assessment provides the necessary data to inform the subsequent steps of the nursing process.
This antidote is administered for acetaminophen overdose and works by replenishing glutathione stores in the liver
What is N-acetylcysteine (NAC)?
Explanation: NAC restores glutathione, a critical substance needed to detoxify acetaminophen metabolites.
This nursing intervention for preventing deep vein thrombosis involves the sequential inflation and deflation of air-filled sleeves around the legs.
What is intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC)?
Explanation: IPC promotes venous return, reducing the risk of clot formation in immobile patients.
This therapeutic communication technique involves restating the client's message in different words to verify understanding
What is paraphrasing?
Explanation: Paraphrasing helps clarify communication and confirm comprehension between nurse and client.
This genetic disorder is caused by an extra chromosome 21 and is associated with characteristic facial features, intellectual disability, and cardiac defects.
What is Down syndrome (Trisomy 21)?
Explanation: The additional chromosome 21 leads to developmental and physiological anomalies.
Using Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the nurse should address this need before addressing a patient's self-esteem concerns
What are physiological needs?
Explanation: Physiological needs are the basis for survival and must be met before higher-level needs.
This medication used for myasthenia gravis is a cholinesterase inhibitor that does not cross the blood-brain barrier, making it useful for diagnosis and treatment.
What is edrophonium (Tensilon)?
Explanation: Edrophonium enhances neuromuscular transmission in peripheral nerves, highlighting its diagnostic utility.
This acid-base interpretation shows pH 7.30, PaCO₂ 50 mmHg, HCO₃⁻ 24 mEq/L, indicating a specific imbalance.
What is respiratory acidosis (uncompensated)?
Explanation: Elevated PaCO₂ with low pH suggests respiratory acidosis due to inadequate ventilation.
This rare psychiatric emergency is characterized by severe muscle rigidity, hyperthermia, and autonomic instability, often associated with antipsychotic medications.
What is neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)?
Explanation: NMS is a life-threatening condition caused by reaction to antipsychotics, necessitating urgent intervention
This rare but life-threatening obstetric emergency occurs when amniotic fluid enters the maternal circulation, potentially causing DIC and cardiopulmonary collapse
What is amniotic fluid embolism?
Explanation: Amniotic fluid embolism triggers severe inflammatory and coagulation responses.
In a mass casualty incident using the START triage system, a patient who is unresponsive with no spontaneous breathing after opening the airway would receive this color tag
What is black (expectant/deceased)?
Explanation: The black tag signifies that the patient is unlikely to survive given the resources available.