THANKS FOR THE SUPPORT
The abbreviated introductory signal that literally means "compare."
What is Cf.
This phrase, indicating multiple parties, must be omitted from case names.
What is et al.
The abbreviation for "Motion"
What is Mot.
The abbreviation "Bull." stands for this word.
What is Bulletin.
"WL" is used when citing an unreported case available on this widely-used electronic database.
What is Westlaw.
The proper font style for the comma after "e.g."
What is roman.
The case name abbreviation for "on the relation of," "for the use of," "on behalf of," and "as next friend of."
What is ex rel.
The abbreviation for "Petitioner" in the singular possessive form.
What is Pet'r's
The abbreviation "Enf't" stands for this word.
What is Enforcement.
Particular pages of separately paginated slip opinions may be cited by using this abbreviated phrase.
What is slip op.
The signal group of which "Contra," "But see," and "But cf." are part of.
What is Signals that indicate contradiction.
The abbreviation for the United States District Court for the Northern District of West Virginia.
What is N.D. W. Va.
The abbreviation for "Answer"
What is there isn't one.
The abbreviation "Probs." stands for this word.
What is Problems.
This must precede any page number pincite for cases that are unreported but available on a widely-used electronic database.
What is an asterisk.
_________ _________ are set off from the text by commas and immediately follow the proposition to which they relate.
What are citation clauses.
If using multiple parentheticals, this parenthetical comes before "(footnote omitted)" but after "(alteration in original)"
What is (emphasis added)
The abbreviation for "Suppress"
What is there isn't one.
The abbreviation "S.S." stands for this word.
What is Steamship.
When citing an unpublished letter, the citation begins with this two-word phrase.
What is Letter from.
The signal that indicates helpful background material related to the proposition.
What is See generally.
The circumstance in which the period after "id." is not italicized.
What is never.
The abbreviation for "Opposition"
What is Opp'n
The abbreviation "Pres." can stand for either of these two words.
What are Preserve and Preservation.
This word is placed in the date parenthetical to denote a book, article, or other work that is scheduled for publication.
What is forthcoming.