process that decreases the number of slow-moving neutrons in a nuclear reactor; this accomplished by using control rods made of a material such as cadmium, which absorbs neutrons.
What is neutron absorption?
100
an atomic orbital may describe at most two electrons, each with opposite spin direction.
What is the Pauli Exclusion Principle ?
100
the number of ions opposite charge that surround each ion in a crystal
What is a coordination number ?
100
a bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms
What is a covalent bond ?
100
a change in which one or more reactants change into one or more products; characterized by the breaking of bonds in reactants and the formation of bonds in products.
What is a chemical reaction ?
200
the smallest portion into which an element can be divided and still retain its properties, made up of a dense, positively charged nucleus surrounded by a system of electrons.
What is an atom ?
200
the ability of an object or substance to transmit heat, electricity, or sound
What is conductivity ?
200
the electrostatic attraction that binds oppositely charged ions together
What is an ionic bond ?
200
a neutral group of atoms joined together by covalent bonds
What is a Molecule ?
200
Combustion, Synthesis, Decomposition, Double displacement, Single displacement, and Double displacement
What are five types of chemical reactions ?
300
The first theory to relate chemical changes to events at the atomic level.
What is Dalton's atomic theory ?
300
the arrangement of electrons of an atom in its ground state into various orbitals around the nuclei of atoms
What are electron configurations ?
300
a single atom with a positive or negative charge resulting from the loss of gain of one or more valence electrons
What is a monatomic ion ?
300
a chemical formula that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule or a polyatomic ion; each dash between a pair of atoms indicates a pair of shared electrons
What is a structural formula ?
300
a small whole number that appears in front of a formula in a balanced chemical equation
What is a coefficient ?
400
the process by which nuclei emit particles and rays
What is radioactivity ?
400
the distance between two points on adjacent waves that have the same phase
What is a wavelength ?
400
a molecule that has two poles, or regions, with opposite charges
What is a dipole ?
400
a bond in which two atoms share two pairs of electrons
What is a double covalent bond ?
400
an equation for a reaction in solution showing only those particles that are directly involved in the chemical change
What is a net ionic equation ?
500
the location of stable nuclei on a neutron- vs. -proton plot
What is the Band of stability ?
500
energy waves that travel in a vacuum at a speed of 2.998 multiplied by 10 to the 8th m/s; includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, visible light, ultraviolet waves, X-rays and gamma rays .
What is electromagnetic radiation ?
500
a molecule in which one side of he molecule is slightly negative and the opposite side is slightly positive
What is a polar molecule ?
500
a bond formed when two atomic orbitals combine for form a molecular
What is a sigma bond ?
500
a chemical equation that does not indicate the relative amounts of reactants and products