Strangled by Strongyles
Epidemiology lg and sm strongyles
T/F- Dry any and cooler environments allow for strongyles to thrive.
F- Moist and warm environment- need water droplets to get to top of grass blades.
T/F- Trichostrongyles are on the the least important groups of parasites regarding ruminants
F
HOT- 3 most important species in geographic area- Haemonchus, Ostertagia, Trichostrongylus
Name the ascrids of dogs and cats
Toxocara Canis
Toxoascaris leonina
Toxocara cati
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T/F- it is safe to assume that if there is blood in the stool of an animal infected with a nematode- that worm is causing damage in the colon.
Yes- worms that cause damage higher up it int GI tract like the sm intestines- scant dark feces- blood has coagulated giving feces dark color
-Small strongyles-cyathostomes-
T/F when in large numbers of L4 larvae encysted in the colon wall that developed synchronously cause sever diarrhea and colic.
T/F Infected horses have liver damage due to larval migration.
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All the statments below about Haemonchusn contortus epidemiology are true except for 1....
A- Severe anemia in sheep
B- Mainly a disease of young lambs
C- In sheep the disease develops more chronically
D- Impaired growth wt gain in sheep and cattle
C- In cattle develop more chronic disease
Kittens with round worms present with what clinical signs?
Usually mild
cats often vomit adult worms
At what age do swine infected by Ascaris suum show the most sever clinical signs.
young 2-5 months of age
Describe one point of hookworm morphology
-Adults are small sized
-3 cutting teeth on each side of oral opening
-Adult L4 can suck blood
Large Strongyles
Please give one answer for each of the following prompts....
Describe one morphologic factor....
Where do adult strongyles live?
What age is disease due to large strongyles most common?
-Large size adult worms- 2-3 inches, Large buccal capsules, Adult worms have teeth, suck blood
Cecum/lg colon
young horses-no immunity
Where is the definitive site for the following worms
Haemonchus contorus
Osteragia ostertagia
Trichostrongylys axei
Haemonchus contorus- Abomasum
Osteragia ostertagia- Abomasum
Trichostrongylys axei- sm intestines
Toxocara canis-
What time in a dogs life does tracheal migration and somatic migration occur to infected host
Explain what happens during somatic migration and how it can result in transplacental transmission
Tracheal migration- puppies < 3 months
Somatic migration- dogs> 3 months
-Larvae are carried by the pulmonary system to the liver, kidney, and lungs to then arrest- can stay arrested for a long time- males dead end, females become mobilized during second month of pregnancy into vasculature and cross into the placenta.
List 2 clinical signs of Ascaris summ
Failure to grow
Sever diarrhea
Bacterial pneumonia-Larvae bring bacteria to lungs from intestines.
T/F- hookworm and whipworm can both be transmitted via ingestion, transmammary, transplacental, and skin penetration
F- whipworm is ingested
Please fill in the blanks with in the generalized Strongyle Life Cycle.
Type of life cycle:______
Horse consumes L3 larvae in ______(where?)
___ larval stage migrate in host causing _____
Adult males and females in GI Tract
Males and Females are sexually ______
Females produce eggs that exit in the feces
Free living ___ larval stage develop into ___
-cycle starts again-
Direct
Pasture
L4, Pathology
Dimorphic
L1,L2
Please explain how Ostertagia ostertagia experience arrested development and spring rise. How do larvae survive in the environment in winter months?
Arrested larvae overwinter in the ruminants tissues
Spring rise- larvae resume development very early in spring
-overwintering larvae in pasture mat
Toxocara canis
Which of the following clinical signs is not true for puppies with heavy infection acquired in utero:
A-Dehydration, B- Vomiting, C- intermittent diarrhea, D- Pneumonia
Which of the following is true for puppies 6 weeks-6 months after infection:
A- dogs at this age are somewhat less sick
B- Pot bellied appearance
C- Sever diarrhea
C- they experience sever diarrhea
C- experience intermittent diarrhea
T/F- All ascarid eggs are thick shelled and mamillated
T/F- Ascarids are easy to remove from their environment because that are very susceptible to heat.
T/F- Ascarids transmission can be fecal oral, transplacental, and transmammary
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F- extremely difficult- can survive heat and cold.
F- fecal oral, transplacental
Describe how Trichuris (whipworm) causes pseudonecrotic membranes and sloughing of colonic mucosa
The worms create syncytial tunnels to anchor themselves- this damage causes sloughing of the epithelium
Please describe the life cycle/migration pattern of the Strongylus Vulgaris once in the hosts body
Start: L3 is ingested and molts into L4 in the small intestines
Start: L3 is ingested and molts into L4 in the small intestines
L4 migrates upstream to arterioles towards the cranial mesenteric artery
Migrates to colon wall where it produces nodules
Nodules rupture releasing larvae into the lumen of the gut where larvae can mature to adult stage and reproduce
Answer the following questions-
T/F: Trichostrongylus axei is the least concerning HOT, but it can be transmitted to horses
T/F: Haemonchus and Ostertahia both have clinical pathologies of hypoproteinemia where Trichostrongylus has clinical signs of hypoalbuminemia.
T/F: In Haemonchus the most important clinical finding is anemia.
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F-Haemonchus-hypoalbuminemia, Ostertahia- hypoproteinemia, Trichostrongylus- hypoalbuminemia-----H&T-alb. O-Pro
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Draw the generalized life cycle of Ascarid
Adult males and females live in GI tract
Females produce eggs that pass through feces
Larvae develop inside eggs in environment
L2 larval stage inside eggs in environment
Infected stage is L2 within the egg ingested by host
Some have tissue migration in host
Describe the life cycle of the Parasaris equorum. In your description include why its migration patter cause pneumonia.
Horse is infected with a L2 embryonated egg while grazing
Larvae is digested out of egg
Larvae penetrate the GI tract
L3 larvae migrate into kidney and lungs
L3 larvae coughed up and swallowed- (pneumonia occurs because of this step- larvae have damaged the tissue)
L3 developed into L4
New eggs exit via feces
Answer the following questions...
T/F- clinical signs of hookworm are due to L4 and adults in intestines sucking blood
T/F whipworm has been associated with secondary bacterial diarrhea in dogs and pigs
T/F- clinical signs of whipworm include: high volume of diarrhea, weight loss, and straining to defecate
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F- usually experience low volume diarrhea