Neolithic Revolution
Definition of Neolithic Revolution
Marked the shift from hunting and gathering to farming
Cuneiform: what is it and how do we understand it
Mesopotamian writing, deciphered from a stone carving that had cuneiform and Persian writing on it
Egypt: Centralized or decentralized government
Centralized government
Pakistan & Northern India
Abraham
What enhanced productivity of early farmers (and also contributed to the development of patriarchy)
animal-drawn plows (transition away from hoe-based farming) and metalworking
Enheduanna
A high priestess and the world’s first named author, united Mesopotamia through poetry. Wrote Exaltation to Inanna
Who was mummified in Egypt
Anyone who could afford to be mummified
Rivers in the Indus Valley
Indus and Ganges
Biblical patriarch of Israel
Jacob
Impacts of farming on diet
Hunter-gatherers enjoyed a varied diet, while early farmers obtained most of their food from one or a few starchy crops. The farmers gained "cheap calories" at the cost of poor nutrition, (today just three high-carbohydrate plants — wheat, rice, and corn — provide the bulk of the calories consumed by the human species, yet each one is deficient in certain vitamins or amino acids essential to life.)
Plot of Gilgamesh: Summary must include Gilgamesh's town and the name of his best friend
Gilgamesh, the king of the city of Uruk, goes on a quest to find immortality after he and Enkidu, his companion, perform deeds that anger the gods, resulting in Enkidu's death.
Cat worship in Egypt: why and how
Why: played an important role in preserving food and protection against rats and snakes
How: Cat god Bastet, including cat sacrifice
Man-made characteristics of the Indus Valley Civilization
Noted for their urban planning, a technical and political process concerned with the use of land and design of the urban environment. They are also noted for their baked brick houses, elaborate drainage systems, water supply systems, and clusters of large, nonresidential buildings.
Babylonian Exile
Israelites were brought to Babylon as captives by King Nebuchadnezzar II. The first holy Temple in Jerusalem, which was central place of worship for Jews was destroyed. A second temple was built in 516 BCE but destroyed by Romans in 70 CE. Ended by Cyrus the Great (538 BCE)
What allowed for an increase in population and specialization of labor
Surplus food from farming
Ziggurat
A stepped pyramid structure, topped with a temple, used for religious purposes
According to the Book of the Dead, what happens to determine whether you can continue on to the afterlife?
Your heart is weighed against a feather of truth to determine whether you can pass onto the afterlife
Main city in Indus Valley Civilization
Mohenjo Daro
Relationship between Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur
Rosh Hashanah: Both the celebration of the Creation of the world and the new year as well as the Day of Judgement. This holiday lasts two days.
Yom Kippur: A fast day that is filled with prayer, collective confession and atonement. It’s said that “on Rosh Hashanah the Book of Life is written; on Yom Kippur it’s sealed.”
After Paleolithic Era (9,000- 3,000 BCE)
The main country Mesopotamia was in, plus two other countries where Mesopotamia extended into
Modern day Iraq, with parts in Iran, Turkey & Syria.
3 countries the Nile River runs through
Egypt, Sudan, South Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Eritrea
Type of writing used and why we historians haven't deciphered it
400 pictographic symbols representing sounds and words. Hasn't been deciphered since archaeologists haven't found adequate translations, comparable to the Rosetta Stone
3 countries in the Levant
Geographic region in the eastern Mediterranean that includes Syria, Palestine, Lebanon, Jordan & Israel