Advanced Cities
Specialized Workers
Complex Institutions
Record Keeping
Improved Technology
100
People used to be _____________ and then settled down to move to cities
What is a nomad?
100
What does specialization mean?
The development of skills in a specific kind of work
100
What is an institution?
A way to organize people, that has lasted a long time. School is an example
100
Professional record keepers were called
Scribes
100
Why were new technologies developed?
To meet needs To solve problems
200
A city is a center for __________.
Trade
200
What were people able to develop skills other than farming?
There was extra food, also known as food surpluses, so people didn't have to spend all day farming and could learn new skills.
200
Leaders that come from one family are called a
Dynasty
200
Name 2 things that record keeping was used for
Counting grain Recording calendar dates Debts Payments Taxes
200
What is the purpose of an irrigation system?
To make sure water can flow to dry areas, in order to make the land fertile
300
What is another name for someone who trades or does business?
Merchant
300
What is an artisan?
An artisan is a skilled worker who makes goods by hand.
300
There were 3 major institutions in Sumer. One was government. Name one more
Religious institutions, Economy
300
What language did Sumerians use to keep records?
Cuneiform
300
What did Sumerians build to defend their cities?
Walls made out of mud bricks
400
What was the name of one of the earliest civilizations, which is a collection of advanced cities?
Sumer
400
Name 3 items that artisans made, according to your book.
Jewelry, weapons and pottery.
400
Why were leaders needed in civilizations?
To maintain order and create laws for people to follow
400
Were Sumerian women allowed to read and write? Explain your answer
Upper class women were taught to read and write
400
What is an ox-drawn plow/plough?
A machine, pulled by an ox, to turn the soil and prepare it for planting
500
Trade brought people together to share goods and ideas. This is called
Cultural Diffusion
500
How was trade impacted by specialization?
Workers made many new items that were then traded.
500
What are 2 conflicts that could have been solved by a government official or leader?
The value of goods, land ownership
500
Record keeping marks the end of
Prehistory
500
What was the purpose of the calendar?
To help Sumerians keep track of dates to remember when the rivers would flood
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