GLOMERULAR DISEASES
Associated with Hepatitis B and Cancer, this nephrotic syndrome shows subepithelial immune complex deposits (“spike and dome” appearance).
What is Membranous Nephropathy
Which class of antibiotics is most associated with acute interstitial nephritis?
Beta lactams
Narrowing of the renal arteries leading to hypoperfusion of one or both kidneys is called what?
What is renal artery stenosis?
This electrolyte disturbance is common in CKD due to impaired phosphate excretion and can cause secondary hyperparathyroidism.
hyperphosphatemia
The most common type of kidney stone, often forming in acidic urine and appearing radiopaque.
What is Calcium Oxalate Stone?
This rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis shows crescent formation and positive anti-GBM antibodies.
What is Goodpasture Syndrome
This common cause of acute kidney injury is due to ischemia or nephrotoxins, showing muddy brown casts in the urine.
Acute tubular necrosis
This medication class is contraindicated in patients with bilateral renal stenosis?
What is ace inhibitors?
Prolonged vomiting leads to this metabolic disorder with elevated bicarbonate and hypokalemia.
What is Metabolic Alkalosis?
Infection with urease-producing organisms leads to this staghorn calculus composed of magnesium ammonium phosphate.
What is Struvite Stone?
This disease is the most common cause of glomerulonephritis worldwide, with episodic hematuria following upper respiratory infections. Mostly commonly in children and young adults.
What is IgA Nephropathy (Berger Disease)?
NSAIDs can cause this hypersensitivity reaction characterized by fever, rash, eosinophilia, and WBC casts.
acute interstitial nephritis
"String of pearls" is associated with what type of RAS?
What short-acting medication is given initially for hyperkalemia to stabilize cell membrane of heart muscles?
What is calcium?
This stone is radiolucent and associated with gout or tumor lysis syndrome.
What is Uric Acid Stone?
What is Henoch-Schönlein Purpura?
A tubulointerstitial disease due to prolonged obstruction resulting in decreased concentrating ability and salt-wasting.
Obstructive Nephropathy
This screening tool for renal artery stenosis is more beneficial when RAS is caused by fibromuscular dysplasia?
What is renal duplex ultrasound?
A hallmark of early diabetic nephropathy detectable by sensitive assays before overt proteinuria.
What is Microalbuminuria?
What is renal pelvis
Foamy urine, grape clusters and oval fat bodies are terms related to what condition?
What is Nephrotic Syndrome?
A 45-year-old man presents to the clinic with complaints of intermittent flank pain and early satiety over the past several months. He reports noticing that his abdomen appears more distended. His past medical history is significant for hypertension diagnosed five years ago, currently managed with lisinopril. Family history is notable for his father requiring dialysis in his 50s. On examination, his blood pressure is 156/92 mm Hg. Abdominal palpation reveals bilateral flank masses that are smooth and ballotable. Urinalysis shows microscopic hematuria but no proteinuria.
Which of the following additional findings is most commonly associated with this condition?
What are hepatic cysts?
This definitive management of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis is controversial because it has not been shown to improve BP or recover renal function?
What is revascularization?
This syndrome can be described as having:
Low sodium concentration, decreased plasma osmolality, increased urine osmolality, increased urine sodium
What is SIADH- Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH Secretion?
A metabolic cause of recurrent calcium phosphate stones due to elevated serum calcium and PTH.
What is Primary Hyperparathyroidism?