Nervous Signaling
What is a neuron?
It a cell that transmits nerve impulses.
What is the CNS composed of?
The brain and the spinal cord
How do you identify where the T10 would be found on your back?
The spinal regions and number of nerve.
What is the autonomic nervous system?
the part of the nervous system responsible for control of the bodily functions not consciously directed, such as breathing, the heartbeat, and digestive processes.
What is a stroke?
Occurs when the supply of blood to the brain is reduced or blocked completely, which prevents brain tissue from getting oxygen and nutrients
What is the difference between graded potentials and action potentials in terms of distance?
graded potentials are shorter and more local
What is the blood-brain barrier?
It is important for nutrients, and it helps let some things into the brain and prevents unwanted things from entering the brain.
What are the three protective tissues on a nerve?
Endonerium, perinerium, and epineurium
What are the three principal plexus in the PNS
cervical, lumbarsacral, and brachial
In terms of the spinal cord, where should a lumbar puncture be done?
What is the difference between gray matter and white matter?
White matter occurs in both brain and the spinal cord. But, grey matter is the major component of the brain. The main difference between white matter and grey matter is that white matter mainly consists of myelinated axons whereas grey matter mainly consists of cell bodies, axon terminals, and dendrites.
What are the three areas of the brainstem? Give one example of what the function of one area is.
Midbrain, Pons, medulla oblongota
What are the four parts of the Diencephalon? Pick one and give its function.
Thalamus, hypothalamus, pituary gland, and pineal gland.
How many cranial nerves are there and what are the three functions talked about in class?
Sensory, motor, and mixed
Why shouldn't we pop pimples around our nose area?
infection can enter directly through those vessels and lead to diseases such as meningitis.
Name at least two ways that a neurotransmitter is removed from the synaptic space.
Diffusion, uptake by cells, and enzymatic degradation.
What is the cerebellum responsible for and what is it most affected by?
balance, posture, motor functions, etc. Affected by alcohol.
What does the limbic system do?
Controls behavior and emotion regulations.
What is the difference between somatic and autonomic reflexes?
Somatic is skeletal muscles, autonomic is smooth or cardiac muscles
What causes Parkinsons Disease?
Failure of the basal nuclei
what is polarity?
unequal distribution of charge across a membrane.
Name some components of protection for the CNS
meninges, CSF, and the skull
What are some functions of the basal nuclei?
motor function proofreader, initiate and terminate movements, controls subconscious contractions, and motor planning.
What are the two fates of spinal nerves?
They can either join together or remain segmented.
What can happen is immune cells enter the brain due to a failure with the blood-brain barrier?
Autoimmune disorders