Neuron Structure
These cells are excitable cells that respond to stimuli by conducting impulses to transmit signals
What are neurons?
Bundles of axons that extend from the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
What are nerves?
The brain and spinal cord. Focuses on integration and is the control center.
What is the central nervous system?
Receives sensory stimuli to send back to CNS/brain
What is the sensory division?
mechanical force, like vibration, pressure, stretch, and touch
What is a mechanoreceptor?
The main receptor of signals; input region
What is a dendrite?
Generates and transmits nerve impulses; the conducting region; also known as a nerve fiber
What is an axon?
Made of left and right hemispheres
Also divided into 4 lobes
Functions in learning, speech, emotion, reasoning, vision, hearing, and fine movements
Surface is the cerebral cortex and is arranged in folds to increase surface area
What is the cerebrum?
Sends out information from the brain to effector organs like muscles (so they will contract) and glands (so they will secrete)
What is the motor division?
Change in temperature
What is a thermoreceptor?
Collection of nerve cell bodies located in the body (just not the brain or spinal cord)
What is a ganglion?
Supportive cells that provide nutrition, insulation, and help with signal transmission
What are neuroglia?
Includes the medulla oblongata, midbrain, and pons
Relays info between rest of the brain and the spinal cord
Coordinates a lot of automatic functions like respiration, circulation, body temperature, sleep, digestion, and swallowing
What is the brainstem?
Calms you down; does the opposite of everything the sympathetic does
What is the parasympathetic system?
Light
What are photoreceptors?
The life support containing the nucleus and most organelles (such as tons of mitochondria)
What is the soma or cell body?
The end of the axon that releases neurotransmitters at a synapse when a nerve impulse is received; the secretory region
What are axon terminals?
Maintains posture and balance
Coordinates timing and patterns for smooth and agile subconscious movements
What is the cerebellum?
Excites you/amps you up
What is the sympathetic system?
Chemicals
What are chemoreceptors?
Unmyelinated gaps in the myelin sheath that aid in increasing the velocity of nerve signal conduction
What are the nodes of ranvier?
Covers long axons (nerve fibers) to protect and electrically insulate them to increase the speed of nerve impulse transmission
What is the myelin sheath?
The occipital lobe is a part of what part of the brain?
What is the cerebrum?
Conduct impulses from CNS 🡪 skeletal muscles
Controls voluntary movements
What is the somatic nervous sytem?
Pain
What are nociceptors?