Neurons
The short, highly branched processes extending from the cell body that receive incoming signals.
What is a dendrite?
This division consists of the brain and the spinal cord.
What is the Central Nervous System?
These star-shaped neuroglial cells form the blood-brain barrier and regulate the chemical environment in the CNS.
What are Astrocytes?
The charge of the inside of an axon of a neuron at resting potential.
What is negative?
The part of the brainstem that is essential for controlling heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate.
What is the medulla oblongata?
This fatty, insulated covering on an axon is created by a Schwann cell in the PNS and speeds up impulse transmission.
What is the myelin sheath?
The division of the Peripheral Nervous System responsible for controlling voluntary movements of skeletal muscles.
What is the Somatic Nervous System?
The neuroglial cell that acts as the primary immune defense, phagocytizing pathogens and debris in the CNS.
What are microglia?
The minimum electrical charge required to open the voltage-gated channels and initiate an action potential.
What is -55mV (threshold)?
Of the four main structures, this is the second largest structure of the brain, located at the back of the head, primarily responsible for coordination and balance.
What is the cerebellum?
This structural type of neuron is extremely rare and only found in the special sense organs.
What is a bipolar neuron?
This inhibitory neurotransmitter's effects are mimicked or enhanced by alcohol.
What is GABA?
These are the neuroglia in the PNS?
What are satellite and Schwann cells?
This event, caused by the influx of sodium ions, results in the inside of the cell membrane becoming positive.
What is depolarization?
This large tract of white matter allows the left and right cerebral hemispheres to communicate with each other.
What is the corpus callosum?
Neurons' different structural names and their meanings.
What are Multipolar, Bipolar, and Unipolar (Pseudounipolar)?
They mean a different amount of ends coming off of the cell body.
The division of the Autonomic Nervous System that is responsible for mobilizing the body during stress or emergencies, increasing heart rate and respiration.
What is the sympathetic nervous system?
These are the neuroglia in the CNS.
What are Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes, Microglia, and Ependymal Cells?
This helps the cell get back to resting potential using a ratio.
This main region of the diencephalon is the body's chief integration center for the autonomic nervous system, regulating hunger, thirst, and body temperature.
It is inferior to the ______________.
What is the hypothalamus? Inferior to the thalamus.
The functional type of neuron that sends signals away from the CNS to an effector like a muscle or gland. (Two names)
What is a motor (efferent) neuron?
SSRIs are used to treat depression because they do this...
SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) block serotonin from being taken back into the presynaptic terminal so that the serotonin binds more to the receptors on the post-synpatic neuron.
There are two neuroglial cells in the PNS, satellite cells and schwann cells. These two neuroglial cells do similar jobs in the CNS.
What are Astrocytes and Oligodendrocytes?
This is what is going on in the cell during the repolarization step and the charge of the cell.
During this step Sodium channels close and potassium channels open. The inside of the cell is becoming more negative as the potassium ions rush out of the cell through voltage-gated potassium channels. Potassium will reach equilibrium during this step, but Potassium channels will stay open longer than needed resulting in hyperpolarization (lower than -70mV).
A stroke affecting this area might result in struggles forming speech but does not impact comprehension. (Name & Lobe)
What is Broca's area in the frontal lobe?