Main parts
Neuron
Basic nerve cell of the nervous system that specializes for communicating information through the body
Iris
Part of the eye that is genetically colored
parkinson's disease
progressive disorder that causes part of the brain to degenerate
cause: neurons in the brain that produce dopamine began to break down and die
symptoms: shuffling gait, tremors or shaking, mask like face, pill rolling, rigid muscles, mood swings, behavioral change
care guideline: encourage self care, assist with ADLs, assist with ROM exercises, assist with ambulation to prevent falls, report severe trembling, muscle rigidity, mood swings, incontinence
How can a CNA help a patient with CVA
Encourage independence and self esteem
Be patient with self care and communication
Encourage resting in between self care tasks
Assist with ROM exercises
Reposition often, using proper alignment
Do not refer to residents affected side as bad
Assist with ambulation to prevent falls
Remind residents about weaker side of the body
Always place food in the unaffected side of the mouth
Observe for swallowing problems
Encourage fluids and proper nutrition
Always place food on unaffected side of the mouth
Assist with ADLs if needed
Make sure clock and calendar visible
With emotional lability redirect residents attention
Use praise often
Listen to resident if they want to talk
What weakens overtime
Senses of vision, smell, and taste
Dendrite
Branch like extensions that receive incoming signals from another neuron and sends it to the cell body
Outer ear
Collects sound waves and directs them inward through the external auditory canal toward the middle ear
multiple sclerosis
Progressive disorder that causes part of brain to degenerate
How can a CNA help a patient with Parkinsons
Encourage self care
Assist with ADLs
Assist with ROM exercises
Assist with ambulation to prevent falls
Encourage residents to stand as straight as possible for ambulation
Encourage fluids and proper nutrition
Listen to residents if they want to talk
Report severe trembling, muscle rigidity/ contractures, mood swings, sudden incontinence, constipation, dehydration, weight loss, or signs of depression
What happens to memory?
Some memory loss occurs, especially short term memory loss
Soma/ Cell body
Core of the neuron that contains the nucleus and genetic material
Pupil
Circular opening in the center of the iris, which dilates (opens) and constricts (closes) to adjust the amount of light coming into the eye
head and spinal cord injuries
Paraplegia and quadriplegia are caused by spinal cord injuries
Causes- Accidents, sporting injuries, gunshot wounds, stab wounds, falls
How can a CNA help a patient with multiple sclerosis
Be patient with self care and movement
Offer rest periods as necessary
Assist with ROM exercises
Encourage residents to follow exercise programs
Assist with ambulation to prevent falls
Encourage proper nutrition and fluid intake
Do not rush communication
Try to provide a stress free environment
Offer support and encouragement as symptoms change
Report red skin, pale skin, start of pressure ulcer, start of contracture, UTI symptoms, or signs of depression
What does sensitivity of nerve end in?
skin decreases, resulting in diminished sense of touch
Axon
Long tail like projection that sends electrical impulses away from the cell body towards other cells, organs, and tissues
Eardrum
Separates the outer ear from the middle ear, also known as the tympanic membrane
Seizures
Focal onset, generalised onset, unknown onset
Focal onset = aware, impaired awareness, motor onset, non-motor onset, focal to bilateral tonic-colonic
Generalised onset = motor - tonic clonic or other motor, non-motor (absence seizure)
Unknown onset = motor - tonic clonic or other motor, nonmotor, unclassified
How can a CNA help a patient with head and spinal cord injuries
Allow as much independence as possible
Offer rest periods as needed
Perform ROM exercises as ordered
Give frequent skin care
Be gentle when turning and repositioning
Protect residents from harm due to lack of sensation
Check water temp
Use special stockings to increase circulation as ordered
Encourage fluids and proper diet
Give careful catheter care and encourage fluids
Help with bladder and bowel training
Encourage deep breathing exercises
Provide privacy and be sensitive
Listen to resident
Report red skin, pale/ skin, sart of pressure ulcer or contracture, UTI symptoms, shortness of breath, constipation, dehydration, weight loss, or depression
What slows down?
Responses and reflexes
synapse
Tiny gap between the end of an axon and next cell where communication occurs via chemical messengers called neurotransmitters
Retina
Located inside the back of the eye, contains cells that respond to light and send messages to the brain
Primary v secondary headaches
Primary headaches: Not caused by an underlying condition (migraines, could have a genetic link).
Secondary headaches: Caused by a condition like an aneurysm or tumor
How can a CNA help a patient with mild vision impariment
Encourage use of eyeglasses or contact lenses if worn
Keep eyeglasses clean and safe
Change cases for contact lenses regularly
Always identify yourself as you enter the room
Keep doors completely open or closed
Leave furniture in place
Use the face of an imaginary clock to explain the position of objects in a room
Make sure there is enough lighting in every room
Walk a little ahead of the resident as she holds your arm
Walk at the resident’s pace
Assist residents to complete menus. Set up meal trays as needed
Use large-print books, audiobooks, and digital books
Read to resident if they desire it
Assist with vision screening
Motor changes?