Neurons + Cells
The most common type of neuron, characterized by having several dendrites and a single axon; typically motor neurons
What is a multipolar neuron?
The rapid change in electrical potential that fires along the entire axon
What is an action potential?
The division of the nervous system responsible for the fight or flight response
What is the sympathetic nervous sytem?
The bundle of nerve fibers connecting the left and right hemispheres
What is the corpus callosum?
The neurotransmitter responsibile for stimulating muscle contraction
What is acetylcholine?
The star shaped cells responsible for maintaining the blood brain barrier and delivering nutrients to other neuroglial cells
What are astrocytes?
The state of a neuron when it is not being stimulated or sending a signal, typically at -70mV
What is the resting membrane potential?
The nerves that emerge directly from the brain instead of the spinal cord, acting as motor, sensory, and mixed nerves.
What are cranial nerves?
The fluid filled cavities within the brain which produces cerebrospinal fluid
This chemical is the "feel-good" neurotransmitter, responsible for addictive behaviors as well as coordination
What is dopamine?
The gap between two neurons where neurotransmitters cross over to pass on a signal
What is the synaptic cleft?
What is potassium (K+)?
The rapid, involuntary response to a stimulus that bypasses that brain and is immediately processed by the spinal cord
What is a reflex arc?
The gland located at the base of the hypothalamus that's general role is to secrete hormones
What is the pituitary gland?
What are enkephalins?
The gaps in between myelin sheath that allow for saltatory conduction
What are the nodes of ranvier?
The purpose of hyperpolarization
What is...
To ensure that the signal remains unidirectional and singular
The superficial layer of the meninges
What is the dura mater?
The ability of neurons to process information and make a decision
What is neural integration?
The cell responsible for regulating cerebrospinal fluid in the central nervous system
What are ependymal cells?
The entire process of an action potential
What is...
A signal reaches the dendrites and passes through the cell body, or soma. This is known as the graded potential; the signal gets weaker as it gets farther away from the point of stimulation. Once the signal reaches the axon hillock, and the voltage has reached -55mV, voltage-gated sodium channels open, allowing an influx of sodium ions into the cell. The rapid change makes the inside of the cell more positive, and when it hits +35 mV, the sodium channels close and the potassium ones open. Potassium leaves the cell, making it negative, and it overshoots to around -75 mV. Eventually those channels close and the Na+/K+ pump restores the membrane potential back to its resting state at -70mV.
The neruons confined to the central nervous system
What are interneurons?
The 12 cranial nerves in order
What are the olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, spinal accessory, and hypoglossal?
The process of responding to the net effect of postsynaptic potentials
What is summation?